Question

In india common property resources are covered under whose ownership

Answer 1

Common Property Resources are usually non-exclusive resources to which rights of use are distributed among a number of co-owners, generally identified by their membership in a community or a village. In the context of Indian villages, common property resources include community forests, common grazing grounds, tanks, foreshores, threshing grounds, rivers and riverbeds. Common property resources are those resources which are accessible to the whole community or village and to which no individual has exclusive ownership or property rights. The common property resources can be subjected to individual use but no individual can claim ownership over them as it is used by a number of stakeholders who have their own independent right to use. In India, the common property resources available to villagers declined substantially over the years. Nevertheless, it has been widely recognized and agreed upon that common property resources still play an important role in the life of the rural population.

Answer 2

a common-pool resource (CPR), also called a common property resource, is a type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource system (e.g. an irrigation system or fishing grounds), whose size or characteristics makes it costly, but not impossible, to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use. Unlike pure public goods, common pool resources face problems of congestion or overuse, because they are subtractable. A common-pool resource typically consists of a core resource (e.g. water or fish), which defines the stock variable, while providing a limited quantity of extractable fringe units, which defines the flow variable. While the core resource is to be protected or nurtured in order to allow for its continuous exploitation, the fringe units can be harvested or consumed.

Common-pool resources may be owned by national, regional or local governments as public goods, by communal groups as common property resources, or by private individuals or corporations as private goods. When they are owned by no one, they are used as open access resources. Having observed a number of common pool resources throughout the world, Elinor Ostrom noticed that a number of them are governed by common property protocols — arrangements different from private property or state administration — based on self-management by a local community. Her observations contradict claims that common-pool resources must be privatized or else face destruction in the long run due to collective action problems leading to the overuse of the core resource.