Question

“In North India, the Ulemas were deeply anxious about the collapse of the Muslim dynasties.
They feared that colonial rulers would encourage conversion, change the Muslim personal laws’.
Mention any three steps taken by them to counter this.

Answer 1

THE STEPS TAKEN BY THE ULAMAS TO COUNTER THE INFLUENCE OF THE COLONIAL RULERS :

> They used cheap lithographic presses, published Persian and Urdu translations of holy scriptures and printed religious newspapers and tracts.

> THE DEOBAND SEMINARY, founded in 1867, published thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves and explaining Islamic doctrines.

> All through the 19th century , a number of Muslim sects and seminaries appeared each with a different interpretation of faith, each keen on enlarging it's following and countering the influence of it's opponent.

URDU PRINT HELPED THEM CONDUCT

THESE BATTLES IN PUBLIC.

Answer 2

Muslim clergy in Islam wanted religious changes. The Ulemas were extremely worried about the decline of Muslim dynasties in northern India.  They also feared colonial rulers will promote conversion and alter Muslim personal laws

Explanation:

• Not only did printed articles and newspapers spread new ideas, they also influenced the form of the discussion. Such public debates and thoughts will now be expressed with a larger public. The Ulemas use inexpensive lithographic presses in northern India, publishing persian and urdu scripture translations and printing religious newspapers as well as pamphlets against Christian cultural invasions.
• As a reaction to the British colonialism that a group of Muslim Indian scholars saw as oppressive Islam, the Deobandi movement grew. The party set up an Islamic seminary which began establishing the Deoband's Islamic revivalist and anti-imperialist agenda. The Islamic Seminary gradually became the 2nd largest source of Islamic study and teaching. In the time of the Indian independence movement, the Deobandis championed the idea of composite nationalism that regarded Hindus and Muslims as a nation called to unite in fighting the British. The seminary of Deoband was founded in 1867 and published a number of facts that made Muslim readers aware of the Code of Conduct that must be observed in their everyday lives. Urdu print supported them in these public fights.
• A variety of Muslim sects and seminaries had arisen in the 19th century each with a different understanding of religion, each interested in extending its reach and combating the reach of its opposing group. Telling Muslim readers about actions and interpretations of Islamic teachings in their everyday lives.