Question

In the period from circa 1200 to circa 1450, governments responded to a variety of internal and external factors in order to develop administrative institutions and exercise power.

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which at least two states in Asia exercised power differently in this period.

Answer 1

A deepening & widening of "networks of human interaction" within & across regions contributed to technological, biological, & cultural, diffusion within & between various societies.

Explanation:

• Enhanced commercial practices also resulted in growing trade volumes and widened the geographical spectrum of current trading routes, including the Silk Roads,  the India Ocean, &  trans-Saharan trade network, which encouraged the development of large new trading cities.
• The Indian Ocean trading network had fostered the growth of states. The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods  such as cotton &  textiles, spices, porcelain, precious gems & metals, slaves, & exotic animals
• The Growth of Interregional trade had been encouraged by innovations in existing transportation &commercial technologies, such as the forms of credit, caravanserai & the development of "money economies" & the usage of the compass,  larger ship designs, & the astrolabe ( an analog calculator that could work out many different kinds of astronomical problems).
• Enhanced production capacity, increasing trading networks and advances in agriculture and industry had to  to Song China's economy flourishing.
• The rise of empires, including the Mongolians encouraged commerce and contact between Afro-Eurasians as new peoples were pulled into the economies and trading networks of their conquerors.
• Some African and Asian countries were able to establish diplomatic and cultural interaction with the wider Afro-Eurasian group, given the geographical barriers.
• Empire expansion – like Mali in West Africa – encouraged trade and communication among Afro-Eurasians as new people joined the economies & trade networks.
• Also environmental knowledge, including early knowledge of monsoon winds, helped in the extension and intensification of the long distance transport routes. Innovations in emerging transport systems had enabled the development of inter-regional trade
• As a result of military conquest, Islamic influence began to spread to other areas in Afro-Eurasia and Islam was later introduced by traders, missionaries and Sufis.
• In important places along major trading routes, traders establish diaspora societies that integrated their own cultural customs into indigenous cultures and and likewise indigenous cultures had influenced merchant cultures.
• Since the intensification of the interchange networks, more people have been writing about their travels in Afro-Eurasia.
• The proliferation of literary , musical and intellectual practices, as well as science and technological advancement have been the result of growing cross-cultural experiences.
• Cultural Chinese customs persisted, influencing adjacent areas. Buddhism and its main values were already influencing Asian society and had a number of sects, schools and traditions.
• Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia.  Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism, and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia. Christianity, Judaism, Islam and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Europe.
• Continuity, creativity and integration in different regions showed State preparation and growth.
• Empires and states showed stability, innovation, and plurality in African Eurasia and the Americas in the XIII century. It includes the Song Dynasty of China, which employed conventional Confucian techniques to preserve and justify their rule through an "imperialistic bureaucracy".

To know more:

1) What is Asian countries

brainly.in/question/4907635.