Question

in which direction does the latitudinal extent in influence the duration of the day and night?

Answer 1

The length of day and night depends on whether the place is receiving direct or slanting rays of the Sun. Places on the Equator receive the direct rays of the Sun all year around and so always have equal length of day and night. During the Summer Solstice, the Northern hemisphere receives the direct rays of the Sun enjoying equal length of day and night. At this time, the Southern Hemisphere receives the slanting rays of the Sun, thus, they have lengthier nights than days. The situations reverses during the winter solstice.