interiors
Most cases of lead poisoning in the US occur among children who eat chips of
lead-containing paint that have peeled off the ceilings and walls of old buildings.
Lead paints were widely used for home interiors until the 1940's and in many city
slums, where buildings have been poorly kept 15 percent to 20 percent of the children
between the ages of one and five show evidence of lead ingestion. It is estimated
that 3 percent to 5 percent have potentially toxic levels of lead in their blood. In
large cities, hundreds of cases among children are reported each year, but it is
believed that the actual number may be much higher. In industries that use lead or
lead components, lead poisoning among workers is a potentially serious hazard, but
present control measures are so stringent that cases of industrial poisoning are rare.
Symptoms of lead poisoning develop slowly after several months of lead ingestion.
Early symptoms are mild diarrhea, anemia and irritability. As the level of lead rises
stupor and convulsions occur, often leading to death. The prevention of lead poisoning
is therefore of prime importance. An effective medsure program includes making the
public aware of the danger, testing point in dilapidated buildings, examining children
for evidence of lead ingestion and keeping children out of unsafe houses.
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Explanation:
fatal condition. It occurs when lead builds up in the body.
Lead is found in lead-based paints, including paint on the walls of old houses and toys. It is also found in:
art supplies
contaminated dust
gasoline products sold outside of the United States and Canada
Lead poisoning usually occurs over a period of months or years. It can cause severe mental and physical impairment. Young children are most vulnerable.
Children get lead in their bodies by putting the lead-containing objects in their mouths. Touching the lead and then putting their fingers in their mouths may also poison them. Lead is more harmful to children because their brains and nervous systems are still developing.
Lead poisoning can be treated, but any damage caused cannot be reversed.
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Lead Poisoning
Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M.D. — Written by Jacquelyn Cafasso — Updated on December 14, 2018
Symptoms
Causes
Risk factors
Diagnosis
Treatment
Outlook
Prevention
What is lead poisoning?
Lead is a highly toxic metal and a very strong poison. Lead poisoning is a serious and sometimes fatal condition. It occurs when lead builds up in the body.
Lead is found in lead-based paints, including paint on the walls of old houses and toys. It is also found in:
art supplies
contaminated dust
gasoline products sold outside of the United States and Canada
Lead poisoning usually occurs over a period of months or years. It can cause severe mental and physical impairment. Young children are most vulnerable.
Children get lead in their bodies by putting the lead-containing objects in their mouths. Touching the lead and then putting their fingers in their mouths may also poison them. Lead is more harmful to children because their brains and nervous systems are still developing.
Lead poisoning can be treated, but any damage caused cannot be reversed.
What are the symptoms of lead poisoning?
Symptoms of lead poisoning are varied. They may affect many parts of the body. Most of the time, lead poisoning builds up slowly. It follows repeated exposures to small quantities of lead.
Lead toxicity is rare after a single exposure or ingestion of lead.
Signs of repeated lead exposure include:
abdominal pain
abdominal cramps
aggressive behavior
constipation
sleep problems
headaches
irritability
loss of developmental skills in children
loss of appetite
fatigue
high blood pressure
numbness or tingling in the extremities
memory loss
anemia
kidney dysfunction
Since a child’s brain is still developing, lead can lead to intellectual disability. Symptoms may include:
behavior problems
low IQ
poor grades at school
problems with hearing
short- and long-term learning difficulties
growth delays
A high, toxic dose of lead poisoning may result in emergency symptoms. These include:
severe abdominal pain and cramping
vomiting
muscle weakness
stumbling when walking
seizures
coma
encephalopathy, which manifests as confusion, coma, and seizures
If someone has symptoms of severe lead exposure, call 911 or local emergency medical services. Be sure to have the following information ready to tell the emergency operator:
the person’s age
their weight
the source of the poisoning
the amount swallowed
the time the poisoning occurred
In nonemergency situations, call your local poison control to discuss lead poisoning symptoms. They will let you speak with an expert.
Common sources of lead include:
house paint made before 1978
toys and household items painted before 1976
toys made and painted outside the United States
bullets, curtain weights, and fishing sinkers made of lead
pipes and sink faucets, which can contaminate drinking water
soil polluted by car exhaust or chipping house paint
paint sets and art supplies
jewelry, pottery, and lead figures
storage batteries
kohl or kajal eyeliners
some traditional ethnic medicines
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