"Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions." Explain.
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(i) Growing population : Growing population is one of the basic factors which is responsible for the scarcity of water. Most of our cities are facing this problem due to overpopulation. A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food.
(ii) Commercialisation of agriculture : After the success of Green Revolution, our farmers are producing commercial crops. The commercial crops need more water and other inputs. Assured means of irrigation like tube wells and wells are responsible for the falling groundwater levels.
(iii) Industrialisation : The post independent India witnessed intensive industrialisation and urbanisation. Today, large industrial houses are common in the form of industrial units of many MNCs (Multinational Corporations). The ever increasing number of industries has made matters worse by exerting pressure on the existing freshwater resources. Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run them. Much of this energy comes from the hydroelectric power.
(iv) Urbanisation : Urbanisation has also aggravated the problem of water scarcity. Most of our cities are overpopulated. Overpopulation leads to over- utilisation of the water resources, and also pollutes the existing resources.
(ii) Commercialisation of agriculture : After the success of Green Revolution, our farmers are producing commercial crops. The commercial crops need more water and other inputs. Assured means of irrigation like tube wells and wells are responsible for the falling groundwater levels.
(iii) Industrialisation : The post independent India witnessed intensive industrialisation and urbanisation. Today, large industrial houses are common in the form of industrial units of many MNCs (Multinational Corporations). The ever increasing number of industries has made matters worse by exerting pressure on the existing freshwater resources. Industries, apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run them. Much of this energy comes from the hydroelectric power.
(iv) Urbanisation : Urbanisation has also aggravated the problem of water scarcity. Most of our cities are overpopulated. Overpopulation leads to over- utilisation of the water resources, and also pollutes the existing resources.
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Due to irrigation facilities many farmers have shifted to water intensive and commercial crops. For example, Punjab has become major producer of rice inspite of low rainfall.
Impact on social landscape:- This transformation has widens the gap between rich and poor. The rich and mighty who can afford higher inputs has become more rich whereas the poor have failed to get benefit due to lack of capital.
Or
Irrigation causes a lot of changes on the social landscape.
Excessive irrigation increases the salinization of the soil and also affects the fertility of soil. This leads to changes cropping patterns, hence in many regions farmers are shifting to water intensive and commercial crops.
Irrigation has transformed the social landscape to a large extent by widening the gap between the rich and the poor. For irrigation many multipurpose projects have been introduces. The aim of these projects is to manage the scarcity of water. However a particular group has been sharing of benefits of these projects. This unequal distribution of water among social groups leads to differences between them. The urban areas are benefited more with these irrigation plans and projects compared to the rural.
Irrigation projects also lead to various interstate water disputes. States are landing up in conflicts over benefit sharing and cost sharing issues of the multi-purpose irrigation project.
Impact on social landscape:- This transformation has widens the gap between rich and poor. The rich and mighty who can afford higher inputs has become more rich whereas the poor have failed to get benefit due to lack of capital.
Or
Irrigation causes a lot of changes on the social landscape.
Excessive irrigation increases the salinization of the soil and also affects the fertility of soil. This leads to changes cropping patterns, hence in many regions farmers are shifting to water intensive and commercial crops.
Irrigation has transformed the social landscape to a large extent by widening the gap between the rich and the poor. For irrigation many multipurpose projects have been introduces. The aim of these projects is to manage the scarcity of water. However a particular group has been sharing of benefits of these projects. This unequal distribution of water among social groups leads to differences between them. The urban areas are benefited more with these irrigation plans and projects compared to the rural.
Irrigation projects also lead to various interstate water disputes. States are landing up in conflicts over benefit sharing and cost sharing issues of the multi-purpose irrigation project.
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