Question

list three charecterstics features of kingdom monera

Answer 1

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$\huge{ \bold{ \underline{ \red{ \: \: \: \: KINGDOM \: \: \: \: \: \: MONERA }}}}$


¤¤¤ Has Becteria as sole members .


¤¤¤ Becteria can have shapes like : Coccus (spherical) , Bacillus(rod-shaped) , Vibrium (comma shaped ) and spirillum (spiral shaped).

¤¤¤ Bacteria found almost everywhere and can Photosynthetic autotrophs, Chemosynthetic autotrophs or heterotrophs.

¤¤¤ Becteria are of the two types :
▪ Archaebecteria
▪ Eubacteria.

¤¤¤ They are Halophiles [ salt - loving].

¤¤¤ They are Thermoacidophiles [ in hot springs].

¤¤¤ They are methanogens [ in marsh and in gut of ruminant animals. Produce methane gas. ].


¤¤¤ Photosynthetic autotrophs like Cynobacteria ( Blue - green algae BGA) . Some like Anebaena and Nostoc have specialized cells called Heterocysts for Nitrogen Fixation.

¤¤¤ Algea bloom is rich growth of blue green algae over the surface of polluted water bodies .

¤¤¤ Algea bloom releases neurotoxins, deplete oxygen and makes water unfit for use.

Answer 2

Answer-

Kingdom Monera-

• The kingdom prokaryotae is divided into two sub kingdoms : Archaebacteria (Archaea) and Eubacteria (Bacteria). Of the two sub-kingdoms ,the Archaebacteria is more ancient.

(i) Archaebacteria-

• Most archaebacteria are autotrophs and only a few , photosynthesize.
• Archaebacteria derive the energy for their metabolic activities, from the oxidation of chemical energy sources, such as the reduced gases - ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4) or hydrogen sulphide (H2S).
• In the presence of one of these chemicals, archaebacteria can manufacture their own amino acids and proteins.
• the environments where these chemical energy sources are found, are often harsh for most other kinds of organisams.

• Archaebacteria are divided into following three groups:

(1) Methanogens-

• As their name implies, methanogens manufacture methane as the result of their metabolic activities.
• Methanogens die in the presence of oxygen. Thus, they are found in swamps and marshes , in which all the oxygen has been consumed by the other organisams living in those environments.
• The methane smell characteristic of swamps and marshes is courtesy of the methanogens.

(2) Thermoacidophils-

• These archaea favour extremely hot and acidic environment, such as hot springs. Many thermoacidophiles use hydrogen sulphide as their energy source.

(3) Halophiles-

• These archaea grow in very salty environments , such as Great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea. These environments are extremely alkaline.

(ii) Eubacteria-

• Prokaryotic cells of bacteria have an outer cell wall that surrounds the plasma membrane, which in turn surrounds a non-compartmentalised cytoplasm dotted with ribosome.
• They generally lack membrane-enclosed organells such as nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria.
• A circular strand of DNA, usually coiled into one region of the cell, the nucleoid, serves as a single chromosome.
• Metabolic activities, such as electron transport and photosynthesis, take place on the plasma membrane ,which sometimes folds inwards into the cell's interior.

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