mention the distinguished feature about the ghagar the gandak and the Kosi river
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Answer:
The Koshi or Kosi River (Nepali: कोशी नदी, koshī nadī, Hindi: कोसी नदी, kosī nadī) drains the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet and the southern slopes in Nepal. From a major confluence of tributaries north of the Chatra Gorge onwards, the Koshi River is also known as Saptakoshi (Nepali: सप्तकोशी, saptakoshī) for its seven upper tributaries. These include the Tamor River originating from the Kanchenjunga area in the east and Arun River and Sun Koshi from Tibet. The Sun Koshi's tributaries from east to west are Dudh Koshi, Bhote Koshi, Tamakoshi River, Likhu Khola and Indravati. The Saptakoshi crosses into northern Bihar where it branches into distributaries before joining the Ganges near Kursela in Katihar district.[1]
Koshi (कोसी)
Saptakoshi (सप्तकोसी)
Bhote Kosi in Nepal.jpg
Bhote Koshi in Nepal during the dry season. It is one of the tributaries of Koshi river.
River Ganges and tributaries.png
Map of the River Ganges and tributaries
Koshi River is located in IndiaKoshi River
Location of the mouth in India
Location
Country
Tibet (China), Nepal, India
State
Shigatse Prefecture, Province No. 1, Bihar
Region
Tibet, Province No. 1, Nepal, North-Central India, East India
Cities
Supaul (Bhaptiyahi), Purnia, Katihar
Physical characteristics
Source
Sun Koshi, Arun and Tamor form Saptakoshi
⁃ location
Tribenighat, Nepal
⁃ coordinates
26°54′47″N 87°09′25″E
Mouth
Ganges
⁃ location
near Kursela, Bihar, India
⁃ coordinates
25°24′43″N 87°15′32″E
Length
729 km (453 mi)
Basin size
74,500 km2 (28,800 sq mi)
Discharge
⁃ average
2,166 m3/s (76,500 cu ft/s)
The Koshi is 720 km (450 mi) long and drains an area of about 74,500 km2 (28,800 sq mi) in Tibet, Nepal and Bihar.[2][3] In the past, several authors proposed that the river has shifted its course for more than 133 km (83 mi) from east to west during the last 200 years. But a review of 28 historical maps dating 1760 to 1960 revealed a slight eastward shift for a long duration, and that the shifting was random and oscillating in nature.[4]
The river basin is surrounded by ridges which separate it from the Yarlung Tsangpo River in the north, the Gandaki in the west and the Mahananda in the east. The river is joined by major tributaries in the Mahabharat Range approximately 48 km (30 mi) north of the Indo-Nepal border. Below the Siwaliks, the river has built up a megafan some 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) in extent, breaking into more than 12 distinct channels, all with shifting courses due to flooding.[5][6] Kamalā, Bāgmati (Kareh) and Budhi Gandak are major tributaries of Koshi in India, besides minor tributaries such as Bhutahi Balān.[7][8]
Its unstable nature has been attributed to the heavy silt it carries during the monsoon season and flooding in India has extreme effects.[9] Fishing is an important enterprise on the river but fishing resources are being depleted and youth are leaving for other areas.
The Gandaki River (also known as the Narayani and the Gandak) is one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India. In Nepal the river is notable for its deep gorge through the Himalayas. It has a total catchment area of 46,300 square kilometers (17,900 sq mi), most of it in Nepal. The basin also contains three of the world's 14 mountains over 8,000 metres (26,000 ft), Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna I. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin. It lies between the similar Kosi system to the east and the Karnali (Ghaghara) system to the west.
Narayani River
Narayani
Narayani bridge in Gaindakot.jpg
नारायणी नदी (चितवन)
River Ganges and tributaries.png
Map showing the Ghaghara and Gandaki tributaries of the Ganges
Native name
गण्डकी
Location
Country
Tibet (China), Nepal, India
Cities
Lo Manthang, Jomsom, Beni, Kusma, Ridi, Devgat, Narayangarh, Valmikinagar, Triveni, Nepal, Hajipur, Sonpur, Bagaha
Physical characteristics
Source
Nhubine Himal Glacier
⁃ location
Mustang, Nepal
⁃ coordinates
29°17′0″N 85°50′5″E
⁃ elevation
6,268 m (20,564 ft)
Mouth
Ganges
⁃ location
Sonpur, India
⁃ coordinates
25°39′9″N 85°11′4″E
⁃ elevation
44 m (144 ft)
Length
630 km (390 mi)
Basin size
46,300 km2 (17,900 sq mi)
Discharge
⁃ average
1,760 m3/s (62,000 cu ft/s)
⁃ minimum
500 m3/s (18,000 cu ft/s)
⁃ maximum
30,000 m3/s (1,100,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries
⁃ left
Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki River, Marshyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki River, Daraudi, Kali Gandaki
⁃ right
Badigad River