mention the uses of plants tissue culture
Answers
Plant tissue culture now has direct commercial applications as well as value in basic research into cell biology, genetics and biochemistry. The techniques include culture of cells, anthers, ovules and embryos on experimental to industrial scales, protoplast isolation and fusion, cell selection and meristem and bud culture. Applications include:
micropropagation using meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals
screening programmes of cells, rather than plants for advantageous characters
large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture as a source of secondary products
crossing distantly related species by protoplast fusion and regeneration of the novel hybrid
production of dihaploid plants from haploid cultures to achieve homozygous lines more rapidly in breeding programmes
as a tissue for transformation, followed by either short-term testing of genetic constructs or regeneration of transgenic plants
removal of viruses by propagation from meristematic tissues
Answer:
Tissue Culture:
The procedure in which a small tissue pieces or organs is removed from a donor plant and cultured aseptically on a nutrient medium is called Tissue Culture. This production is also known as micropropagation technique. The synthetic medium contains all the nutrients and hormones which are required for the growth.
A cell or tissue is transferred into suitable synthetic medium under sterile conditions. The tissue then develops into a fast growing cellular mass called callus. The callus is transferred to another medium for growth and differentiation that forms plantlets. The plantlets can be transplanted into soil or pots where they can be grown to maturity.
Tissue culture technique is being popularly used in agriculture and horticulture. It is used for production of ornamental plants like Orchids, Dahlia and Carnation. Other examples are Banana, Fig, Lemon, Potatoes, etc.
Advantages of tissue culture are:
A large number of clones can be produced from a single parent plant.
It enables us to select and culture the desirable characteristic traits.
It has short production time with long generation time.
Reproduction of plants is possible even in the absence of seeds or necessary external pollinators to produce seeds.
It frees us from the restrictions of growing plants only in certain seasons.
Endangered plant species on the verge of extinction can be saved with the tissue culture procedure.