name some common disorders of kidney in man and explain in brief.
Answers
Kidney stones are another common kidney problem. They occur when minerals and other substances in the blood crystallize in the kidneys, forming solid masses (stones). Kidney stones usually come out of the body during urination. Passing kidney stones can be extremely painful, but they rarely cause significant problems.
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli. Glomeruli are extremely small structures inside the kidneys that filter the blood. Glomerulonephritis can be caused by infections, drugs, or congenital abnormalities (disorders that occur during or shortly after birth). It often gets better on its own.
Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts (small sacs of fluid) to grow in the kidneys. These cysts can interfere with kidney function and cause kidney failure. (It’s important to note that individual kidney cysts are fairly common and almost always harmless. Polycystic kidney disease is a separate, more serious condition.)
Urinary tract infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections of any part of the urinary system. Infections in the bladder and urethra are the most common. They are easily treatable and rarely lead to more health problems. However, if left untreated, these infections can spread to the kidneys and cause kidney failure.
The common disorders of kidney include chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and urinary tract infections.
Explanation:
Chronic kidney disease: This is the most common type of kidney disease and it is a long-term condition that worsens over time. This is majorly caused by blood pressure. High blood pressure increases the pressure on the glomeruli which is the filtering system of the kidney, damages the vessels over time and the kidneys begin to decline in function. This condition leads to dialysis. Also, because of diabetes (high blood glucose), the blood vessels are damaged, and the kidney function declines.
Kidney stones: The minerals and other substances of blood begin to crystallize in the kidneys thereby forming solid masses or stones. This is another common type of kidney problem and these stones usually come out of the body via urination.
Glomerulonephritis: This is the inflammation of the glomeruli which is the filtering system of the kidney. This is caused mainly by infections, drugs or congenital abnormalities.
Polycystic kidney disease: This is a genetic disorder that produces numerous (poly) cysts in the kidneys. These cysts interfere with the kidney function thereby cause kidney failure.
Urinary tract infections: These are bacterial infections in any part of the urinary system and the most common are in the bladder and urethra. These are treatable and if left untreated, the infection can spread to other parts of the kidney.
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