Name the different major physiographic divisions of india.write a note on any one of the physiographic divisions of India
Answers

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The Northern Mountains:
It stretches across northern India from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh (about 2500 km) with a varying width of 240 to 320 km forming Himalaya in the East-West direction and its offshoots run in North-South direction along the India-Myanmar boundary traversing through Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram known as eastern hills. They represent the youngest and highest folded mountains of the earth formed by the tectonic collision of the Indian plateau with the Eurasian plateau.
Longitudinally the Himalaya consist of four parallel range from South to North
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i. The outer Himalayas (Shiwalik) It is almost continuous range of low hills, composed of unconsolidated tertiary sediments emerged as most recent phase in Himalaya orogeny.
ii. The lesser Himalayas (The Himachal) It generally consists of unfossiferous sediments or metamorphosed crystalline. Important range include the Dhauladhar, Pirpanjal, Nag Tiba, Mahabharat and Mussoorie range.
iii. The Greater Himalaya (The Himadri) This is the most continuous loftiest and northern most range of Himalayas. It has a core of Archaean granites, gneisses and schist’s rocks. This range contains one of the highest mountain peaks of the world.
iv. The Trans Himalaya It is also called the Tibetan Himalaya. This range consisting of mainly Karakoram, Ladakh and Kailash range.
Purvanchal:
This is the North-Eastern Himalayas that run north to South through Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and eastern Assam.
The Great Plains:
The Great Plains of India consists largely of alluvial deposits brought down by the rivers originating in the Himalayan and the peninsular region. They are mainly formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
Northern plains is divided into four main divisions
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i. The Bhabar:
The Bhabar belt is adjacent to the foothills of the Himalayas and consists of boulders and pebbles which have been carried down by streams. As the porosity of this belt is very high, the streams flow underground.
ii. The Tarai:
The Tarai belt lies south of the adjacent Bhabar region and is composed of newer alluvium. The underground streams reappear in this region.
iii. The Bhangar:
The Bhangar belt consists of older alluvium and forms the alluvial terrace of the flood plains.
iv. The Khadar:
It is made up of fresh newer alluvium which is deposited by the rivers flowing down the plain.
The Peninsular Plateau:
It covering an area of about 16 lakh sq km forms the largest and oldest physiographic division of India. It is bounded by the Aravallis in the North-West, Maikal range in the North, Hazaribagh and Rajmahal Hills in the North-East, the Western Ghats in the West and the Eastern Ghats in the East.
The peninsular plateau is divided into
i. Central High lands which include Aravalli Range, Malwa Plateau, Vidhya Range, Bundelkhand Plateau, Baghelkhand Plateau.
ii. Eastern Plateau-Chhota Nagpur plateau and Meghalaya Plateau
iii. The Deccan Plateau which include Mahadev Hills, Kaimur Hills, Maikal Range, Western Ghats, Nilgiri, Anaimalai Hills, Palani Hills and Cardamom Hills, Eastern Ghats (Shevaroy Hills, Javadi Hills, Palkonda Range Nallamala Hills) Mahendragiri. Maharashtra Plateau, Mahanadi Basin, Garhjat Hills, Karnataka Plateau, Telangana Plateau and Tamil Nadu Upland.
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India?
1. The northern plain.
2. The peninsular plateau.
3. The Great Indian desert.
4. The Coastal plain.
5. The Island.
6. The Great Himalayas.
=> The Himalayan, geological young and structurally fold mountains stretch over the northern borders of India.
=> These mountain Rangers Run in a west-east direction from the Indus to Brahmaputra river.
=>The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world.
=> Northern plain has been formed by the interplay of three major river systems namely- the Indus the Ganga and Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.
=> This plain is formed of Alluvial soil.
=> The decomposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years, formed this fertile plain.
=> The Peninsular plateau is a table lines composed of old crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks.
=> It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and thus, making it a part of the oldest landmass.
=> The plateau has broad and Shallow valleys and Rounded hills.
=> The Indian desert lies towards the Western margins of Aravali Hills.
=> It is undulating sandy plain cover with sand dune.
=> This region receive very low rainfall below 150 mm per year.
=> It has Arid climate with low vegetation cover.
=> Streams appears during the rainy season.
=> Soon after they disappear into the same as they do not have enough water to reach the sea.
=> This coast is sandwiched between Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, is now a plain.
=> It consists of three sections The Northern part of coast is called Konkan the Central Stretch is called the Kannad plane while the southern stretch is referred to Malabar Coast.
=> There are only two major Islands of India namely - Andaman & Nicobar and Laksadweep Islands . Lakshadweep covers 32sq km .