Name the hormones secreted by the following endocrine glands and write
their functions : (5)
a) Pituitary
b) Thyroid
c) Parathyroid
d) Adrenal
e) Pancre
Answers
Answers
Pituitary gland.
This is your endocrine system’s master gland. It uses information it gets from your brain to tell other glands in your body what to do. It makes many important hormones, including growth hormone; prolactin, which helps breastfeeding moms make milk; and luteinizing hormone, which manages estrogen in women and testosterone in men.
Thyroid gland.
This gland makes thyroid hormone, which controls your metabolism. If this gland doesn't make enough (a condition called hypothyroidism), everything happens more slowly. Your heart rate might slow down. You could get constipated. And you might gain weight. If it makes too much (hyperthyroidism), everything speeds up. Your heart might race. You could have diarrhea. And you might lose weight without trying.
Parathyroid.
This is a set of four small glands behind your thyroid. They play a role in bone health. The glands control your levels of calcium and phosphorus.
Thymus. This gland makes white blood cells called T-lymphocytes that fight infection and are crucial as a child's immune system develops. The thymus starts to shrink after puberty.
Adrenals.
Best known for making the "fight or flight" hormone adrenaline (also called epinephrine), these two glands also make hormones called corticosteroids. They affect your metabolism and sexual function, among other things.
Pancreas.
This organ is part of both your digestive and endocrine systems. It makes digestive enzymes that break down food. It also makes the hormones insulin and glucagon. These ensure you have the right amount of sugar in your bloodstream and your cells.
If you don't make insulin, which is the case for people with type 1 diabetes, your blood sugar levels can get dangerously high. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually makes some insulin but not enough.
Answer:-
a) Pituitary Gland produces hormones from the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe of pituitary:-
From the posterior lobe of pituitary the following hormones are produced:-
Growth hormone or Somatotropin:-
promotes the growth of the body
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH):-
stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland
Adreno cortico trophic hormone (ATCH):-
stimulates the activity of the adrenal cortex
Gonado Tropic Hormone:-
stimulates the activity of testes in males and ovaries in females.
prolactin:-
Production of milk
From anterior lobe of pituitary the following hormones are produced:-
Oxytocin:-
facilitates child birth by stimulating the contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscles in the uterine wall.
Vasopressin or Anti Diuretic Hormone:-
Helps in reabsorption of water in the kidney.
b) Thyroid gland produces two hormones:-
Thyroxine and Calcitonin
Functions of Thyroxine:-
Increases energy production, raises the level of metabolism, accelerates the growth and development of the brain in the foetal stage and infancy AND regulates growth in children.
Functions of Calcitonin:-
It is released when level of calcium in blood increases and helps to decrease the increased level of calcium in blood.
c) Parathyroid gland produces Parathormone. Parathormone helps to increase the level of calcium in blood when it decreases.
d) Adrenal gland produces :-
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Cortisol, Aldosterone and Sex hormones.
Epinephrine:- acts along with the sympathetic nervous system during emergencies, helping us to resist or withdraw ourselves from such situations.
Norepinephrine:- Acts along with epinephrine.
Cortisol:- Synthesis of glucose from protein and fat, slows down action of defense cells and controls inflammation and allergy
Sex hormones:- Controls the development and functions of sex organs.
e) Pancreas produces insulin and glucagon.
Insulin increases cellular uptake of glucose molecules and converts glucose into glycogen in liver and muscle cells.
Glucagon synthesizes glucose from amino acids and converts the glycogen stored in liver to glucose..
HOPE IT HELPS!