Name two hormones of pituitary gland and state their functions
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
TSH (also known as thyrotropin) is a glycoprotein consisting of:
a beta chain of 118 amino acids and
an alpha chain of 92 amino acids. The alpha chain is identical to that found in two other pituitary hormones, FSH and LH as well as in the hormone chorionic gonadotropin. Thus it is its beta chain that gives TSH its unique properties.
The secretion of TSH is
stimulated by the arrival of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus.
inhibited by the arrival of somatostatin from the hypothalamus.
As its name suggests, TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete its hormone thyroxine (T4). It does this by binding to transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of the cells of the thyroid.
Some people develop antibodies against their own TSH receptors. When these bind the receptors, they "fool" the cell into making more T4 causing hyperthyroidism. The condition is called thyrotoxicosis or Graves' disease.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Human growth hormone (HGH; also called somatotropin) is a protein of 191 amino acids. The GH-secreting cells are stimulated to synthesize and release GH by the intermittent arrival of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) from the hypothalamus. GH promotes body growth by:
binding to receptors on the surface of liver cells.
This stimulates them to release insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; also known as somatomedin)
IGF-1 acts directly on the ends of the long bones promoting their growth
Things that can go wrong.
In childhood,
hyposecretion of GH produces a short but normally-proportioned body.
Growth retardation can also result from an inability to respond to GH. This can be caused by inheriting two mutant genes encoding the receptors for
GHRH or
GH (causing Laron syndrome, a form of dwarfism) or
homozygosity for a disabling mutation in STAT5b, which is part of the "downstream" signaling process after GH binds its receptor.
hypersecretion leads to gigantism
In adults, a hypersecretion of GH or GHRH leads to acromegaly.
TSH (also known as thyrotropin) is a glycoprotein consisting of:
a beta chain of 118 amino acids and
an alpha chain of 92 amino acids. The alpha chain is identical to that found in two other pituitary hormones, FSH and LH as well as in the hormone chorionic gonadotropin. Thus it is its beta chain that gives TSH its unique properties.
The secretion of TSH is
stimulated by the arrival of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus.
inhibited by the arrival of somatostatin from the hypothalamus.
As its name suggests, TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete its hormone thyroxine (T4). It does this by binding to transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of the cells of the thyroid.
Some people develop antibodies against their own TSH receptors. When these bind the receptors, they "fool" the cell into making more T4 causing hyperthyroidism. The condition is called thyrotoxicosis or Graves' disease.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Human growth hormone (HGH; also called somatotropin) is a protein of 191 amino acids. The GH-secreting cells are stimulated to synthesize and release GH by the intermittent arrival of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) from the hypothalamus. GH promotes body growth by:
binding to receptors on the surface of liver cells.
This stimulates them to release insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; also known as somatomedin)
IGF-1 acts directly on the ends of the long bones promoting their growth
Things that can go wrong.
In childhood,
hyposecretion of GH produces a short but normally-proportioned body.
Growth retardation can also result from an inability to respond to GH. This can be caused by inheriting two mutant genes encoding the receptors for
GHRH or
GH (causing Laron syndrome, a form of dwarfism) or
homozygosity for a disabling mutation in STAT5b, which is part of the "downstream" signaling process after GH binds its receptor.
hypersecretion leads to gigantism
In adults, a hypersecretion of GH or GHRH leads to acromegaly.
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The hypothalamus secretes regulatory hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones . The action of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is plain to see from its name because it stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones.
Hope my answer helps u. ..
Hope my answer helps u. ..
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