Question

note making on any four important physical features of India

Answer 1

The Himalayan Mountains

India's northern frontiers are distinctly marked out by the huge mountain wall stretching for about 3600 km comprising the snow-capped mountain ranges of the Karakoram and the Himalayas. The width of this mountain belt varies between 150 km and 400 km. 

The Karakoram mountain ranges rise from the Pamir Knot in the north-west and stretch towards southeast up to the Indus gorge in Jammu and Kashmir. These ranges are 600 km long with the average width of 120 to 140 km. The world's second highest mountain peak K2 (Godwin Austen), which has a height of 8611 meters, belongs to this chain of mountains. Baltoro and Siachen Glacier also lie in the high valleys of Karakoram ranges.

The Great Plains of Northern India

India, which has the world's highest and the most spectacular mountas, is also fortunate in possessing one of the world's most extensive and fertile plains, approximately 2500 km from the Sutlej in the west to the Brahmaputra in the east made up of alluvial soil brought down in the form of fine silt by the mighty rivers. These Great Northern Plains consist of the Indus basin, the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin and the tributaries of these mighty river systems. The bulk of the Indus basin falls within Pakistan but a part of it is shared by Punjab and Haryana. The Ganga Brahmaputra basin is larger of the two and covers a large number of states in northern India.

The Great Plateau of Peninsular India

To the south of the Great Plains of northern India lies the old landmass of the Peninsular India which is made up of hard metamorphic rocks. This part of land adjoining northern plains, is known as the Great Plateau of Peninsular India. This Great Plateau has two distinct parts, the Malwa Plateau and the Deccan Plateau.

The Malwa Plateau, which comprises the northern region of the Great Plateau of Peninsular India, is bounded by the Aravalli hills in the north-west and the Vindhyas in the south, both these low old mountains forming the sharp edges of this plateau. The third side of this triangular Malwa Plateau, which extends from west to east, slopes gradually towards the plain of Ganga and merges into it. The valley of the river Narmada forms the southern boundary of the Malwa Plateau, while its extensions to the east form the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand in southern Uttar Pradesh and Chotangpur in Jharkhand. Most of the rivers of this plateau flow northward into the river Yamuna. The Malwa Plateau, particularly its northeastern part called Chotanagpur plateau, is the richest mineral producing region of India.

The Great Desert of Rajasthan

To the north-west of the Malwa Plateau lies the Thar Desert or the Great Desert of Rajashtan. The desert, which it made up sand, interrupted by rocky hills and waterless valley, begins from the west of the Aravalli ranges and extends deep into Pakistan. The desert is the region of inland drainage system, as the few rivers that flow in this area either drain into the salt lakes or disappear into the sands. Only the river Luni drains off into the Rann of Kutch. The desert climate, being arid and unfavourable for human settlement, makes the area sparsely populated.

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Answer 2

The peninsular plateau.

India has nearly nine physical features with three great classification like Plateau, the coastal plains, Mountains. But most of the Indian land is covered by its peninsular plateau.

Peninsular plateau of India has three distinct classification. They are

The Deccan plateau

Central Highlands

Chhotanagpur plateau

The Central highlands lies in the northern part of Narmada river which covers the major portion of Malwa Plateau.  

The Deccan plateau is the oldest physical feature of India lies in the southern region of Narmada river.

Chhotanagpur plateau is the plateau that lies in the eastern part of India.

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