note on lithosphere????
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Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. The lithosphere is subdivided into tectonic plates. ... The lithosphere is underlain by the asthenosphere which is the weaker, hotter, and deeper part of the upper mantle.
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The term ‘lithosphere’ means crust of the Earth. It includes all big and small landmasses which are found on the Earth.
The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle)
The large landmasses are called continents. There are seven continents on the Earth.
Functions of the Lithosphere
It supports all the life-forms on the Earth.
It is a rich source of minerals. These minerals help in making many useful products.
It is a major source of fuels such as coal, petrol, etc.
The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle)
The large landmasses are called continents. There are seven continents on the Earth.
Functions of the Lithosphere
It supports all the life-forms on the Earth.
It is a rich source of minerals. These minerals help in making many useful products.
It is a major source of fuels such as coal, petrol, etc.
note on atmosphere and hydrosohere
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Atmosphere
The envelope of air that completely surrounds the earth is known as atmosphere.
The atmosphere extends to about 1000 km from the surface of the earth. But 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere is found within 32 km.
This is because the atmosphere is held by the gravitational pull of the earth.
Composition of the Atmosphere
(i) Nitrogen - 78%
(ii) Oxygen - 21%
(iii) Argon -0.93%
(iv) Carbondioxide - 0.03%
(v)Neon - 0.0018%
(vi) Helium - 0.0005%
The envelope of air that completely surrounds the earth is known as atmosphere.
The atmosphere extends to about 1000 km from the surface of the earth. But 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere is found within 32 km.
This is because the atmosphere is held by the gravitational pull of the earth.
Composition of the Atmosphere
(i) Nitrogen - 78%
(ii) Oxygen - 21%
(iii) Argon -0.93%
(iv) Carbondioxide - 0.03%
(v)Neon - 0.0018%
(vi) Helium - 0.0005%
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The hydrosphere, or water sphere, mostly covers the depressions of the lithosphere. Some amount of water is also found in the rocks and much exists in the form of water vapour in the atmosphere. The oceans represent about 71 per cent of the globe and therefore contain the great bulk of the water. The average depth of the oceans is about 3,800 m.
The total volume of the world oceans is about 1-4 billion cu. km. which comprises more than 97 per cent of the world’s free water. .
The total volume of the world oceans is about 1-4 billion cu. km. which comprises more than 97 per cent of the world’s free water. .
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Of the remaining 3 per cent, about 2 per cent is locked up in the ice sheets of Arctic and Antarctica and about 1 per cent is being represented by fresh water of the landsSea or ocean water is a solution of salt whose constituents have maintained more or less fixed proportions over a considerable span of geologic time. In addition to their importance in the chemical environment of marine life, these salts make up a vast store-house of mineral matter.
The gaseous canopy that envelops the lithosphere and the hydrosphere is known as the atmosphere. It consists of a mixture of various gases and is believed to extend about 10,000 km above sea level. Held to the earth by gravitational attraction, the atmosphere has its maximum density at sea level and decreases rapidly upward.Air is a mechanical mixture of gases, not a chemical compound. Of the many constituting gases, Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Argon (Ar), and Carbon-dioxide (CO2.
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