On what grounds can there be an internal emergency declared?
Answers
As per Indian Constitution, there are 3 types of emergencies:
1. National Emergency
2. President’s Rule/State Emergency
3. Financial Emergency
The most commonly used notion for term ‘Emergency’ is the 1st type i.e. National Emergency. It is the one declared by PM Indira Gandhi in 1975.
National Emergency is declared by President when when the security of whole India or just a part of it is threatened by war or external aggression (calledExternal Emergency) or armed rebellion (called Internal Emergency).
The President can proclaim a National Emergency only when the whole Cabinet approves it in written and not just on demand of PM (However the 1975 Emergency was declared by then President just on advice of Indira Gandhi but later Constitution was amended to prevent such actions).
After declaration of emergency, both Houses of Parliament has to approve the proclamation within one month.