paragraph on waste management in acid base manufacturing unit
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Explanation:
Hazardous waste management refers to a carefully organized system in which wastes go through appropriate pathways to their ultimate elimination or disposal in ways that protect human health and the environment.
Treatment means any method, technique, or process, including neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any hazardous waste to neutralize such waste, or to render such waste nonhazardous, or less hazardous; safer to transport, store, or dispose of; or amenable for recovery, amenable to storage, or reduction in volume. There are many options for the treatment of hazardous wastes, and these include industrial waste water treatment, hazardous waste incinerators, industrial furnaces and boilers, and resource recovery such as solvent reclamation. The ideal treatment process reduces the quality of hazardous waste material to a small fraction of the original amount and converts it to a nonhazardous form. However, most treatment processes yield material, such as sludge from waste water treatment or incinerator ash, which requires disposal and which may be hazardous to some extent. Direct disposal of minimally treated hazardous wastes is becoming more severely limited with new regulations being imposed.
Treatment technologies: The following are various treatment techniques available for the different types of hazardous wastes that are adoptable to specific wastes and economic feasibility.
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physical methods: phase separation (filtration/sedimentation), phase transition (distillation, evaporation and physical precipitation), phase transfer (extraction, adsorption), membrane separation (reverse osmosis, hyper and ultrafiltration)
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chemical methods: acid/base neutralization, chemical extraction and leaching, chemical precipitation, coagulation/flotation, oxidation/reduction, ion exchange, electrolysis, hydrolysis, photolysis
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biological treatment: aerobic, anaerobic, advanced, composting
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adsorption techniques, activated carbon, zeolites, activated clays
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air stripping
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recycling
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thermal treatment, incineration, wet oxidation, plasma arc, molten salt, superheated water
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biotechnical methods
Hazardous waste management system consists of three major operations:
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storage upon generation
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collection and transportation
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final treatment to disposal, which depends upon the physical form of the waste