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1) Marxists have a distinctly unique way of interpreting history. Marxist historiography stresses class conflict as the force propelling historical development. For example, Marxist historians might argue that the American Revolution was ultimately brought about by class struggle between the ''haves'' and the ''have-nots''. They would argue that republicanism or other ideological beliefs were secondary and ultimately rooted in economic concerns. The bottom line in Marxists historiography: it all boils down to economics!
Because of this emphasis on economics, the concept of power is critical to the Marxist view of history. Marx conceived of power as being held by a specific group of people, to the exclusion of others. In Marx's day, the bourgeoisie held power: this was the educated, fairly well-off class that owned property, and especially the means of production. These were the factory owners, the entrepreneurs, and the capitalists who made money off the labor of the masses. The masses, or the proletariat, were the laborers who were typically poor and held no real power. History thus unfolded because of power struggles, which were ultimately rooted in economics.
Marx thus conceived of the bourgeoisie as having a grip on social power, which is the ability to influence or control portions of society, or society at large. Unlike political power that is underpinned by a legal foundation, social power rests on social influence. Marxist historiography tends to be sensitive to social power. For example, labor vs. management, the uneducated vs. the educated, or the peasantry vs. nobility are social power structures that Marxist historians tend to emphasize.
In their historical methodology, Marxist historians typically research these kind of power structures to see how they contribute to the unfolding of historical events. Not surprisingly, the Russian Revolution is a prime example. The Russian Revolution of 1917 unfolded because the common people (notably the working class) were discontented with the power structure in place.
2)Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade was an Indian historian, scholar, writer, commentator and orator from Maharashtra, India. His efforts in the field of historiography include:
- He was the first one to conduct research in the villages of Maharashtra to record their history.
- He collected many sources of history all across India and evaluated them.
- He was a commentator of world history and worked in the field for a long time.