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Answers
(a) Colour of the litmus paper is changed by the hydrogen ions. Dry HCl gas does not contain H+ ions. It is only in the aqueous solution that an acid dissociates to give ions. Since in this case, neither HCl is in the aqueous form nor the litmus paper is wet, therefore, the colour of the litmus paper does not change.
(b) The main use of litmus is to test whether a solution is acidic or basic. Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions and red litmus paper turns blue under basic or alkaline conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5–8.3 at 25 °C (77 °F).
(c)
(d) Materials present at the end of a reaction. Balanced chemical equation: A chemical equation in which the number of each type of atom is equal on the two sides of the equation. Subscripts: Part of the chemical formulas of the reactants and products that indicate the number of atoms of the preceding element.
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