Please answer all these questions. Each carries 5 marks
Answers
Answer: 8. Legislative, executive & judiciary, different organs of government share power. This is called Horizontal form of power sharing. This allows different government placed at different level to exercise different powers. This ensures that no organ exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the other resulting in balance of power among various institutions. This arrangement system is also called as system of checks & balance
ANSWER 7.The different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies are:
Horizontal Division of Power- It is the sharing of power among the different organs of government, for example, power sharing by the executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. In this type of power-sharing arrangement, different organs of government, placed at the same level, exercised different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power, thereby putting a check on each other.
Vertical Division of Power- It is a system of power sharing among governments at different levels. For example, a general government for the entire country and governments at provincial or regional levels. In India, we refer to it as the Central Government, State Governments, Municipality, Gram Panchayat etc. The Constitution lays down the powers of different levels of government.
Division of Power among different Social Groups- Power can also be shared among different groups which differ socially like different religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community Government’ in Belgium is a good example of this type of power sharing. The system of reserved constituencies in India is another example. Such an arrangement is used to give minority communities a fair share in power, who otherwise would feel alienated from the government.
Division of Power among Political Parties, Pressure Groups, and Movements- In contemporary democracies such a division takes the form of competition among different parties, which in turn ensures that power does not remain in one hand and is shared among different political parties representing different ideologies and social groups.
ANSWER 6.Horizontal Division of Power- It is the sharing of power among the different organs of government, for example, power sharing by the executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. In this type of power-sharing arrangement, different organs of government, placed at the same level, exercised different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power, thereby putting a check on each other.
Vertical Division of Power- It is a system of power sharing among governments at different levels. For example, a general government for the entire country and governments at provincial or regional levels. In India, we refer to it as the Central Government, State Governments, Municipality, Gram Panchayat etc. The Constitution lays down the powers of different levels of government.
ANSWER 5.In the belgium model of power sharing
1-The state governments are not subordinate to the central which means they are not answerable to them.
2-Many powers of the central are given to the states.
3-The Dutch and the French enjoy a majority over each other in the whoe nation and the capital respectively . Thus Both the communities have equal number of representatives in the central as well as the Brussels's government.
4-There is a third government known as the community government which is elected by people belonging to one language , irrespective of where they live. This government has the power on cultural matters .
Explanation: