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The trials of leading German officials before the International Military Tribunal (IMT) are the best known of the postwar war crimes trials. They formally opened in Nuremberg, Germany, on November 20, 1945, just six and a half months after Germany surrendered.
Genocide is the intentional action to destroy a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. A term coined by Raphael Lemkin in his 1944 book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe,[1][2] the hybrid word genocide is a combination of the Greek word γένος (genos, "race, people") and the Latin suffix -caedo ("act of killing").[3]
Human skulls at the Nyamata Genocide Memorial
The United Nations Genocide Convention, which was established in 1948, defines genocide as "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such" including the killing of its members, causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group, deliberately imposing living conditions that seek to "bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part", preventing births, or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group.[4][5][6]
Examples include the Holocaust, the Armenian Genocide, and the Rwandan genocide.
The Political Instability Task Force estimated that, between 1956 and 2016, a total of 43 genocides took place, causing the death of about 50 million people.[7] The UNHCR estimated that a further 50 million had been displaced by such episodes of violence up to 2008.[7]Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution
It allowed the President to declare a state of emergency in Germany in times of national danger and to rule as a dictator for short periods of time.Many of these sites were called concentration camps. The term concentration camp refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy.The Enabling Act of 1933, formally titled Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich, was a law that gave the German Cabinet—in effect, the Chancellor—the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag, and to override fundamental aspects of the Weimar Constitution