Question

please tell some important points about coal and petroleum​

Answer 1

Answer:

How Is Coal Formed?

• Formation of coal dates back to millions of years ago, when the earth was covered only with vast moist forests, having huge trees, shrubs, ferns etc. These plants underwent their life cycle and withered away eventually falling back to the ground, most of which were swamps. New plants replaced them, they underwent a life cycle and the whole process continued repeatedly over the years as a result of which the earth bed started accumulating all these dead plants.
• This gave rise to a very thick layer of dead decomposed matter packing down plant matter washing away all the decayed matter. Physical and chemical changes took place as a result of heat and temperature extracting out all oxygen leaving the plant layers with carbon-rich content, thus resulting in the formation of coal over a period of time.

Types Of Coal

• Coal is a readily combustible rock containing more than 50% by weight of carbon.
• Coal formed can be of three types depending on the amount of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen they contain, they are:
• Lignite
• Bituminous
• Anthracite

Petroleum

• Petroleum is a fossil fuel that naturally occurs in the liquid form created by the decomposition of organic matter beneath the surface of the earth millions of years ago. These fossil fuels are then refined into usable substances such as petrol, kerosene etc. It is formed by the combination of hydrocarbons and other substances, mainly sulphur. When first collected in its natural form, it is termed as crude oil. This substance is generally characterized by a brownish-black colour. Although, it can also differ between red to pale yellow or even colourless. Its thickness (viscosity) varies from nearly solid tar-like consistency to low viscosity, almost like water.
• Refining petroleum thus obtained yields many useful products. Let’s have a look at it.

Products of Petroleum

• Petroleum products are obtained as a result of refining crude oil in oil refineries. There are numerous products that are created from petroleum and its by-products. A study reveals that by-products of petroleum alone provides scope to obtain 6000+ new products, to name a few, fertilizers, perfumes, flooring, insecticides, soaps, vitamins, petroleum jelly etc.
• Few of the products obtained from petroleum are:

Gasoline

Diesel oil

Kerosene

Tar

Heavy fuel oil

Petroleum coke

Lubricants

Special Naphthas

Paraffin wax

Aviation Gasoline

Uses of Petroleum

• Petroleum is one of the most important and widely used fuels in today’s time. Some of its advantages are:
• These are transportation fuels, i.e, via air, water or land.
• Diesel is used to power turbines for the production of electricity in large scale industries.
• Oil is used to produce electricity at homes and shops
• Oils help lubricate different types of high-end machines used in different industries, hospitals etc.
• Kerosene is used for domestic purposes at home
• Used by chemical industries to produce plastic, dyes, paints, synthetic rubber, pesticides, perfumes etc.

Explanation: