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1. Monarchical Mahajanapadas were those places where the head of the kingdom, or the king, was hereditary. They were sixteen in number. Magadha, Koshala, Avanti, etc., were some of the important monarchical mahajanapadas.
2. The Vedas, meaning “knowledge,” are the oldest texts of Hinduism. They are derived from the ancient Indo-Aryan culture of the Indian Subcontinent and began as an oral tradition that was passed down through generations before finally being written in Vedic Sanskrit between 1500 and 500 BCE (Before Common Era).
3. The Earth orbits the sun once every 365 days and rotates about its axis once every 24 hours. Day and night are due to the Earth rotating on its axis, not its orbiting around the sun.
4. On a map, North is at the top, South at the bottom, West to the left, and East to the right. Every map has a Map Scale which relates distance on the map to the world. For example, one inch equals one mile.