Question

plz answer this question...​

Answer 1

Answer:

3 . state funding of election.

Answer 2

Answer:

Political parties can be reformed by state funding of election, Reducing the role of money, Reducing the role of muscle power.

Explanation:

Political parties have become an essential part of a democratic form of governance and there are very few countries in the world which do not have Political parties. Therefore,It is natural that for most people, democracy is equal to political parties. They might not know much about the Constitution and the nature government, but they often know many details of the political parties.that is the reason, parties are known to be the most visible face of democracy. But These are certain problem areas such as lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, use of money and muscle power, and Lack of meaningful choice to the voters, where all the Political Parties are criticized in India.

The following steps has been taken to reform the political parties-

1)The Constitution was amended because many MPs and MLAs indulged in DEFECTION to become ministers or for cash rewards. DEFECTION is an act of shifting from one party to another after getting elected to a legislative body. An anti-defection law was passed in 1985 to prevent such defections. Under this law, if any MLA or MP changes parties. He or she will lose the seat in the legislature.

There is an exception under the law, If two-thirds of MPs or MLAs of a party all together shifting to another party,they will not come under the defection.

2) The supreme court made it mandatory for every candidate to fill an affidavit before the election. An affidavit is a signed document where a person makes a sworn statement regarding his personal information.

The candidate has to file an affidavit giving the details of his property, qualification, and criminal cases. Nevertheless, there is no system of check if the information given by candidates is correct.

3) The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organizational elections and file their income tax returns.

However, the Political parties have started following all these instructions, but sometimes it is a mere formality, because leaders are not serious about reforms.