Question

poem on Progress on Indian Education after independence

Answer 1

Answer:

Governments all over the world place a major emphasis on education policy. There is a global

pressure on increasing attention on the outcomes of educational policies and their impact on social

and economic development. However, there is often a lack of understanding of how educational

policies are formed and what constitutes an education policy. An attempt is made in this module to

analyse the nature of educational policy, basic features of education policies and the intended

outcomes of these policies. Education policy refers to the rules and principles that govern the

operation of educational systems. The module also tries to answer questions regarding the goals of

education, strategies employed for achieving these goals and for identifying tools for assessing their

impact.

In the process of formulating educational policies, many crucial factors have to be taken into

consideration. These include pedagogical methodologies, resource mobilisation, curriculum content

and the possible impact of the policy on different groups.

According to Taylor (1997) there are three major aspects in education policy, these being:

a) Context: It refers to the antecedents and pressures leading to the development of a specific

policy.

b) Text: It refers to the content of the policy itself.

c) Consequences: If policy texts are open to differing interpretation by practitioners then this is

also likely to result in differences in implementation.

In India educational institutions have existed since the emergence of civilisation (Keay,

1972). It is essential to view the historical background of education policy in order to understand its

• current status. A sound understanding of education policy could be gained by dividing the historical

analysis into two time periods, these being pre-independence and the period after independence.

Education Policy in Pre-Independent India

The education policy in pre-independent India could further be classified into two time periods - PreBritish and the British period.

Pre-British Period

While discussing education policy in Pre-British India, an attempt has been made to analyse

educational policies from the beginning of ancient period to the arrival of British. Since the beginning

of Indian civilisation till contemporary