Prepare an Interview Project Report on Disaster Management of 5 to 8 pages.
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I can't type that much..... I will die.. but if you give me all half of you points I will type.
Types of Disaster
Natural Disasters
According to the International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies Natural Disasters are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events that have immediate impacts on human health and secondary impacts causing further death and suffering. These disasters can be [5]:
- Geophysical (e.g. Earthquakes, Landslides, Tsunamis and Volcanic Activity)
- Hydrological (e.g. Avalanches and Floods)
- Climatological (e.g. Extreme Temperatures, Drought and Wildfires)
- Meteorological (e.g. Cyclones and Storms/Wave Surges)
- Biological (e.g. Disease Epidemics and Insect/Animal Plagues)
Man-Made Disasters
Man-Made Disasters as viewed by the International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies are events that are caused by humans which occur in or close to human settlements often caused as a results of Environmental or Technological Emergencies. This can include [3]:
- Environmental Degradation
- Pollution
- Accidents (e.g. Industrial, Technological and Transport usually involving the production, use or transport of hazardous materials)
- Complex Emergencies
Some disasters can result from multiple hazards, or, more often, to a complex combination of both natural and man-made causes. These can include [6]:
- Food Insecurity
- Epidemics
- Armed Conflicts
- Displaced Populations
Disaster Prevention
"The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters [1]"
UNISDR views Disaster Prevention as the concept of engaging in activities which intend to prevent or avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance, activities designed to provide protection from the occurrence of disasters [1].
Disaster Preparedness
"The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions" [1].
Minimisation of loss of life and damage to property through facilitation of effective disaster response and rehabilitation services when required. Preparedness is the main way of reducing the impact of disasters. Community-based preparedness and management should be a high priority in physical therapy practice management [10].
Disaster Response / Relief
"The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected" [1].
Focused predominantly on immediate and short-term needs, the division between this response/relief stage and the subsequent recovery stage is not clear-cut. Some response actions, such as the supply of temporary housing and water supplies, may extend well into the recovery stage. Rescue from immediate danger and stabilization of the physical and emotional condition of survivors is the primary aims of disaster response/relief, which go hand in hand with the recovery of the dead and the restoration of essential services such as water and power [3][10].
Coordinated multi-agency response is vital to this stage of Disaster Management in order to reduce the impact of a disaster and its long-term results with relief activities including [3]:
- Rescue
- Relocation
- Provision Food and Water
- Provision Emergency Health Care
- Prevention of Disease and Disability
- Repairing Vital Services e.g. Telecommunications, Transport
- Provision Temporary Shelter
Disaster Recovery
Vulnerability of communities often continues for long after the initial crisis is over. Disaster Recovery refers to those programmes which go beyond the provision of immediate relief to assist those who have suffered the full impact of a disaster and include the following activities [3] [10]:
- Rebuilding Infrastructure e.g. Homes, Schools, Hospitals, Roads
- Health Care and Rehabilitation
- Development Activities e.g. building human resources for health
- Development Policies and Practices to avoid or mitigate similar situations in future.