Question

" printing press played a major role in shapping the indian society of the 19th century". support the statement with examples.

Answer 1

Printing press played a major role in shaping the Indian society of the 19th century. The impacts ofprirtt culture on the Indian society and religion were
(t) From the early 19th century, there were intense debates around religious issues. Different groups in colonial society offered a new interpretation of the beliefs of different religions.
(ii) Newspaper spread the new ideas and also shaped the nature of the debate. New contradictory ideas were emerged and a wider public could participate in these discussions and expressed their views.
(iii) In the early 19th century, an intense controversy between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodox section emerged. They angered about Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry, widow immolation, monotheism etc.
(iv) Raja Rammohun Roy published ‘Sambad Kaumudt and wrote about the social evils at that time. The Hindu orthodoxy commissioned the ‘Samachar Chandrika’ to oppose his opinions. At that time, two Persian newspapers jam-i-Jahan Nama and ‘Shamsul Akhbar’, a Gujarati newspaper, the ‘Bombay Samachar’ were also published.
(v) In North India, the Ulama used cheap lithographic presses to print religious newspapers and published Persian and Urdu translations of holy scriptures. They feared that colonial rule would change their personal laws. Urdu print helped them to battle against this.
Thus, print connected communities and people in different parts of India helped to develop their own views.
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Answer 2

The role of the press in the national movement are as follows :

1. The press spread the ideas of patriotism and modern liberalism .

2. The press preached liberty , equality , fraternity and justice .

3. It made daily criticism on the unjust policies of the Government.

4. It exposed the true nature of the British rule.

5. It made possible the exchange of views among different social groups.

6. It made the Indians aware about events around the World .

Some of the prominent newspapers of the century was :

• The Bengali.
• The Hindu.
• Amrit Baazar Patrika .
• The Pioneer.
• The Times of India .
• The Statesmen .