Q: what causes a rainbow?
Q: how rainbow get it's color?
Q: why rainbow is curved?
Answers
Answer:
When making a rainbow, sunlight shining into each individual raindrop is refracted, or split into its component colors. And the light is also reflected, so that those various colors come bouncing back.
One key to rainbows is that the light leaves the collection of raindrops in front of you at an angle. In making a rainbow, the angle is between 40 and 42 degrees, depending on the color (wavelength) of the light.
Explanation:
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A rainbow is caused by sunlight and atmospheric conditions. Light enters a water droplet, slowing down and bending as it goes from air to denser water.
So when the light exits the water droplet, it is separated into all its wavelengths. The light reflecting back to you, the observer with the Sunlight coming from behind you, from the water droplets will appear separated into all the colors of the rainbow!
If we draw rays of sunlight that reflect at 42 degrees into your eyes then those rays start to look like they form a circular arc in the sky. So the reflection gives you the shape of the rainbow, while the refraction gives you the colours of the rainbow.