q1 desceibe with examples the way in which power can be shared among different social and linguistic groups?
q2 describe horizontal and vertical power sharing in modern democracies?
q3 explain how Belgium was able to solve there ethnic composition
q4 what is reserved constituencies
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1A) power can be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. 'community government' in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement.
2A) power is shared among different organs of government, such as legislature, executive and judiciary. this is called as horizontal form of power sharing.
power is shared among different levels of government, such as
central goverment
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\ /
state goverment
|
\ /
local hovernment
3A) Belgium amended their four times in between 1970 and 1993.
1) constiution prescribes that the number of dutch and french-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
2) many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. the state governments are not subordinate to the central government.
3) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. the french-speaking people accepted equal representation in Bressels because the dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the central government.
4) apart from the central and state government, there is a third kind of government. this 'community government' is elected by people belonging to one language community - dutch, french and german-speaking - no matter where they live. this government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.
2A) power is shared among different organs of government, such as legislature, executive and judiciary. this is called as horizontal form of power sharing.
power is shared among different levels of government, such as
central goverment
|
\ /
state goverment
|
\ /
local hovernment
3A) Belgium amended their four times in between 1970 and 1993.
1) constiution prescribes that the number of dutch and french-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
2) many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. the state governments are not subordinate to the central government.
3) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. the french-speaking people accepted equal representation in Bressels because the dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the central government.
4) apart from the central and state government, there is a third kind of government. this 'community government' is elected by people belonging to one language community - dutch, french and german-speaking - no matter where they live. this government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.
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