Question

Question 4.24 What is meant by hybridisation of atomic orbitals? Describe the shapes of sp, sp2, sp3 hybrid orbitals.

Class XI Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Page 130

Answer 1

Hybridisation :- To explain the concept of shape of polyatomic molecules like CH4, H2O etc .
Pauling introduced the concept of Hybridisation . it is defined as mixing of atomic orbitals of nearly equal energy , resulting in the formation of new set of orbitals of equal energies and identical shapes. The new orbitals thus, formed are known as Hybrid orbitals. The number of hybrid orbital equation to number of atomic orbitals mixed.

sp - Hybridisation :- it involves the mixing of one s- and one p- orbital , result the formation of two sp Hybridized orbitals . sp orbitals are linear . and it can be oriented in opposite direction and make angle of 180° . example : BeH2, BeF2 etc are sp Hybridized .

sp² - Hybridisation :- it involves the mixing of one s- and two p- orbitals , resulting the formation of three sp² Hybridized orbitals . it shapes trigonal planar . and it can be oriented angle of 120° with another .example of sp² : C2H4 , BF3 etc .

sp³ - Hybridisation :- it involves the mixing of one s- and three p- orbitals , resulting the formation of four sp³ Hybridized orbitals . it shapes tetrahedral. and it can be oriented angle of 109°28' with another .example of sp³ : CH4 , CF4 etc

Answer 2

Explanation:

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