Question 4.25 Describe the change in hybridisation (if any) of the Al atom in the following reaction.
AlCl3 + Cl(–) --->AlCl4 (–)
Class XI Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Page 130
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electronic configuration of Al
in ground state ₁₃Al = 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p¹
in excited state ₁₃Al = 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p²
in the formation of AlCl3 ,
lone pair = (8 × 3 - 3 - 3 × 7)/2 = 0
bond pair = 3
hence, Al undergoes sp² hybridisation and it is trigonal planar { because lone pair is zero } in shape .
while in the formation of AlCl4- ,
lone pair = ( 4 × 8 - 3 - 4 × 7 -1 )/2 = 0
bond pair = 4
hence, Al undergoes sp³ hybridisation and it is in tetrahedral in shape.
in ground state ₁₃Al = 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p¹
in excited state ₁₃Al = 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p²
in the formation of AlCl3 ,
lone pair = (8 × 3 - 3 - 3 × 7)/2 = 0
bond pair = 3
hence, Al undergoes sp² hybridisation and it is trigonal planar { because lone pair is zero } in shape .
while in the formation of AlCl4- ,
lone pair = ( 4 × 8 - 3 - 4 × 7 -1 )/2 = 0
bond pair = 4
hence, Al undergoes sp³ hybridisation and it is in tetrahedral in shape.
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