Question 4: Most living organisms cannot survive at temperature above 45°C°. How are some microbes able to live in habitats with temperatures exceeding 100°C?
Class 12 - Biology - Organisms and Populations Page 239
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Bacterias have some amazing survival mechanism incorporated into their gene. They produce vast range of enzymes which help them survive they produce both heat shock and cold shock protein which protect them from extreme heat or cold respectively. their cell membrane is also tough which prevents cellular organs. They also have this amazing DNA repair mechanism which help them in not losing the integrity of their genome.
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Thermophiles or Archaebacteria are ancient forms of bacteria that are present in deep sea hydrothermal vents and hot water springs. They are able to withstand the high temperature (exceeding 100 degree C) as their bodies have adapted to these extreme environmental conditions. Such entities comprise of specialized thermo-resistant enzymes that perform metabolic functions which do not get destructed at these extreme temperatures.
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