Question

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :
India has been a land with a number of social problems and we have had a galaxy of social reformers who have worked for the betterment of society. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Rabindaranath Tagore and others have fought against the caste system, untouchability, against the 'purdah' system which compelled women to be confined within the four walls of the house and also for the cause of widow remarriage. In the present day too, we have a number of social problems which urgently require to be set right.
Even after decades of Independence, we still have the caste system, particularly in the villages. This retards the progress in rural areas. For example, if a school is constructed with the help of one particular caste of people, then the other castes refuse to send their children to it. At the same time, people from different castes also refuse to join hands and work even if it is to uplift their own village. Thus, in such a situation, it becomes very difficult to help these people. Quarrels and infighting exist even among the people of same caste, for there are again classes of people within the same caste, which further create problems.
Another pernicious problem is the dowry system. According to our ancient custom, girls are given gifts of clothes, jewellery, utensils and so on which is a kind of help by which they can start their family. However, the custom has deteriorated to the extent that the groom's family demands gifts in cash and kind and tortures brides in order to extort things from their parents. The young girls sometimes commit suicide because they are unable to bear the harassment and pressure on them. Sometimes, the in laws of the girl burn her to death if their demands are not complied with. This is the most degraded level of inhumanity to which our society has sunk and which needs to be urgently reformed.
Yet another major social problem in our country is of drug addiction. It began a few decades ago with the hippie cult, with college students taking heroin and other such drugs. The drug makes them totally dependent on it and leads them to beg, borrow or steal to get sufficient money to buy these expensive drugs. Their studies come to a full stop and they are virtually parasites on society and a terrible burden on their families. Unless they are de-addicted, they fall sick and die.
Another social problem similar to that of drug addiction is alcoholism. This exists in all classes of society—the rich, the middle class man, the poor slum dweller and the villager. In every case, alcoholism which means alcohol taken in excess of what a man or woman can safely consume—causes a host of problems. It often leads to petty quarrels and again to major fights and sometimes even stabbing and killing. Alcoholics are a burden on the financial resources of their families. Something effective should be done to get rid of this problem.
Thus, these are only some of the social problems which are seriously under cutting the fabric of our nation. Suitable remedies are to be found for them. First of all, the law can come to rescue. In fact, there is a legislation on all these issues. In each case, the offenders are liable to be prosecuted under the law. And yet, such offenders continue for a number of reasons. First, not all offenders are brought to book. Secondly, the process of law takes years for the final sentence. This legislation might act as a deterrent but can't eradicate the problem.
The real remedy lies in educating the people about the evils of these problems. It is only when we all join hands and launch on an aggressive programme of reform and work together with single minded devotion, that we can hope to do away with these evils and make our country a happy and prosperous nation.
Answer the following questions :
(i) Which social evils still prevail in our country?
(ii) Why is dowry given to girls, according to ancient custom?
(iii) What is alcoholism and how does it affect the alcoholics and their families?
(iv) Where does the real remedy lie in dealing with the above said social evils?
(v) Find the words in the passage which mean the same
(a) to get money from someone by force or threat (para-3)
(b) bad habit (para-4)
(c) persons who live in small huts (para-5)
(d) to stop completely (para-6)

Answer 1

(i) Caste system, dowry system, drug addiction, alcoholism, etc are some of the social evils which still prevail in India.
(ii) According to an ancient custom, dowry is a kind of help given in the form of gifts by which girls can start their family.
(iii) Alcoholism is alcohol taken in excess of what a man or woman can safely consume. Alcoholics tend to quarrel and are a financial burden on their family.
(iv) The real remedy lies in educating people and a joint effort by all to fight these social evils.
(v) (a) extort
(b) addiction
(c) slum dwellers
(d) eradicate

Answer 2

Answer:

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