Removal of emerging contaminants from water and wastewater by adsorption process
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... It is widely recognized that conven tional water and wastewater treatment sys tems are not always ef fective for the removal of the large classes of organic contaminants ( Grassi et al., 2012;Chaukura et al., 2016). Moreover, in both developed and developing countries, the removal of OCs is often overlooked in the design of water and wastewa- ter treatment systems. ...
... Several methods have been shown to effectively remove OCs from aqueous solutions, including, though to a lesser ex- tent, processes in conventional water and wastewater treatment sys- tems such as adsorption on sludge. A detailed discussion of remediation methods for emerging contaminants in water is presented in earlier reviews (e.g., Husain, 2008;Ali et al., 2012;Grassi et al., 2012). Advanced water treatment processes such as adsorption, ozonation, membrane technology, and photodegradation have also been shown to remove OCs (Bolong et al., 2009;Chang et al., 2009;Rossner et al., 2009;Grassi et al., 2012). ...
... A detailed discussion of remediation methods for emerging contaminants in water is presented in earlier reviews (e.g., Husain, 2008;Ali et al., 2012;Grassi et al., 2012). Advanced water treatment processes such as adsorption, ozonation, membrane technology, and photodegradation have also been shown to remove OCs (Bolong et al., 2009;Chang et al., 2009;Rossner et al., 2009;Grassi et al., 2012). Moreover, recent advances in nanotechnology have also shown that carbon nanotubules (CNTs) and metal oxide nano- composites can effectively remove OCs ( Jung et al., 2015;Wang and Wang, 2016). ...