rules of If clause in grammar
Answers
Words and phrases make up clauses. Clauses are units of grammar that contain at least one predicate (verb) and a subject. This makes a clause different than a phrase, because a phrase does not contain a verb and a subject.
In fact, the essential component of a clause is the verb -- and a clause only contains one verb or verb group. A verb group can consist of a single word (such as "played," "cooked," and "swam") or contain helping verbs (as in "will excel" and "has been dreaming").
If we look at a simple sentence, we see it only contains one clause. Here are some examples of simple sentences that consist of just a single clause:
Darby played.
Jamie cooked the dinner.
A man in Cincinnati swam in the river.
Sammy will excel on the varsity team.
Jennifer has been dreaming during class.
Types of Clauses in Grammar
We'll begin with the two main types of clauses: independent and dependent clauses. Then, we'll dive into the various parts of speech that can also band together to form clauses.
Independent Clauses
An independent clause can stand as a sentence by itself or it can be combined with other clauses. These clauses will always contain a subject and a predicate. They can join with a dependent clause or other independent clauses to make a complex sentence. Here are some examples, with the independent clause in bold:
I love opening the windows while the warm breeze blows.
Since we enjoyed this book, we'll be sure to pay it forward.
She walked to the grocery store to buy a bouquet of flowers.
Dependent Clauses
By itself, a dependent clause can't be considered a sentence. Standing alone, it would be considered a sentence fragment, or an incomplete sentence. It needs to be combined with an independent clause to form a complete thought.
Let's take a look at some examples with the dependent clause in bold:
If that's a burrito, I'm having it.
He's mean mainly because he's unhappy.
Let's go for a walk while the sun's still out.
More specifically, dependent clauses take three forms: adverb clauses, adjective clauses, and noun clauses.
Adverb Clauses
Adverb clauses are groups of words that function like an adverb. They modify verbs, other adverbs, or adjectives. These clauses are typically used to elaborate when, where, why, how, how much, or under what condition the action of the sentence took place.
Here are some example sentences using adverb clauses:
Since it's just me, I'll eat in tonight.
My dog, although she is shy, loves people.
I keep a suitcase packed, in case I find a great flight to Ireland.
For more, explore these Examples of Adverb Clauses.
Adjective Clauses
Adjective clauses are groups of words that modify nouns and pronouns. These clauses tend to begin with pronouns such as:
who
whose
that
which
Here are some adjective clauses in sentences:
The winners, whose names are posted on the bulletin board, will receive round trip airfare to Mexico City.
Money that is well spent will last forever.
Exercise, which many people dislike, is good for you.
For a deeper dive, enjoy these Examples of Adjective Clauses.
Noun Clauses
A noun clause is a group of words that band together and act like a noun. Nouns clauses are used when a single word isn't enough. They're always dependent clauses; they cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and they often begin with words like:
how
that
what
when
where
which
who
why
Here are some sentence examples using noun clauses:
How he behaved was not acceptable.
She didn't know where she was.
Her favorite part of the book was when the dragon turned into a boy.
These clauses are quite common and work well in many types of sentences. For more, be sure to read Noun Clause.
Connecting Independent Clauses
You might've noticed that many clauses can be joined simply by adding a comma. Let's talk about some of the other ways you can connect the various types of clauses. Independent clauses can be connected in several different ways.
Connecting Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses can connect to independent clauses with no punctuation or with a comma. You may want to review 8 Times Commas Were Important. It addresses pertinent times when commas (or their absence) are important. One of the first times they're important is wrapping around clauses. For example:
If you're going to cry about it, I'm leaving.
I'd like to make it clear that, while I understand your concern, you are abjectly wrong.
She was tired, despite her best efforts, and oh so disappointed.
Here are example sentences where a comma isn't necessary:
He's leaving because you're crying.
Life is not worth living without a wish in your heart.
I know it'll happen since we've been working so hard.
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