Short answers questions from history 0 globalization
Answers
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globalisation is a process where exchange of material from one country to another country like import and export of material such as oil ,steel , automobile this is known as globalisation.
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Answer:
Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) 1 Mark
Question 1. (2013)
What is the rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre known as?
Answer:
Sericulture
Short Answer Questions (SA) 3 Marks
Question 2.
What lessons were learnt from inter-war economic experiences by the economists and politicians during the Second World War? Describe. (2012)
Answer:
Economists and politicians learnt two key lessons from inter-war economic experiences during the Second World War:
An industrial society based on mass production cannot be sustained without mass consumption. But to ensure mass consumption, there was a need for high and stable incomes. Income could be stable if employment was stable. So stable incomes and employment were needed.
Markets could not guarantee full employment. Therefore, Government would need to check fluctuations of prices and provision of employment. Economic stability can be ensured with the interference of the Government.
The second lesson was a country’s economic links with the outside world. The goal of full employment could only be achieved if Government had power to control flow of goods, capital and labour.
Question 3.
What role did the ‘Silk route’ play in linking distant parts of the world? (2013, 2014)
Or, “The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modem trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.” Explain how.
Answer:
The routes on which cargoes carried Chinese silk to the west were known as ‘Silk routes’.
(i) Historians have discovered several silk routes over land and by sea, covering vast regions of Asia and connecting Asia with Europe and North Africa. Even pottery from China, textile and spices from India and South Asia also travelled the same route.
(ii) In return, precious metals like gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia. The traders along with trading items carried knowledge, ideas, values, skills, inventions, lifestyles, food habits, religious beliefs, etc.
(iii) Culturally, Buddhism emerged from Eastern India and spread in several directions through the silk routes. Thus, silk route not only played a major role in linking distant parts of the world, but also promoted pre-modern trade and cultural links.
Question 4.
“The new crops could make the difference between life and death”. Explain the above statement in context of Irish Potato Famine. (2013)
Answer:
Sometimes the new crops could make the difference between life and death.
Europe’s poor began to eat better and live longer with the introduction of the humble potato.
Ireland’s poorest peasants became so dependent on the potatoes that when disease destroyed the potato crop in the mid-1840s, hundreds of thousands died of starvation.
Hungry children dug for potatoes in a field that had already been harvested, hoping to discover some leftovers.
During the Great Irish Potato Famine around ten lakh people died of starvation in Ireland and double the number emigrated in search of work.
Question 5.
‘Many a times introduction of new crops make the difference between life and death/ Explain the statement with the example of introduction of potato crop in Europe. 2012
Answer:
Foods such as potato which were unknown before were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the vast continent known as the Americas.
Sometimes the new crops like potato could make the difference between life and death. It was with the introduction of the humble potato that Europe’s poor began to eat well, eat better and live longer.
Ireland’s poor peasants became so dependent on potatoes that when the potato crop was destroyed by disease in the mid-1840s, hundreds of thousands of peasants died of starvation.
Question 6.
What were the IMF and the World Bank designed for? What made them shift their attention towards developing countries? (2015)
Answer:
The IMF and the World Bank were designed to meet the financial requirements of industrial countries. They were known as the Bretton Woods Twins. They were not equipped to deal with the challenges of poverty and lack of development in the former colonies. Fortunately, Europe and Japan rapidly rebuilt their economies and grew less dependent on the IMF and the World Bank.
As a result, IMF and the World Bank began to shift their attention more towards