Question

Short note on microorganisms and theri types

Answer 1

Microorganisms make up a large part of the planet’s living material and play a major role in maintaining the Earth’s ecosystem.



Microorganisms are divided into seven types: bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites ( helminths ).Each type has a characteristic cellular composition, morphology, mean of locomotion, and reproduction.Microorganisms are beneficial in producing oxygen, decomposing organic material, providing nutrients for plants, and maintaining human health, but some can be pathogenic and cause diseases in plants and humans.

Key Terms

Gram stain: A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative).peptidoglycan: A polymer of glycan and peptides found in bacterial cell walls.

Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. Microorganims are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm. They can be divided into six major types: bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.

Bacteria
.

Archaea
)

Fungi
.

Protozoa
.

Algae
.

Viruses

Multicellular Animal

Answer 2

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Microorganism➫ An organism that can be seen only with microscope & that typically consists of only a single cell.

♦ It can only be viewed through a microscope.

♦ It widespread in nature & are beneficial to life but some can cause serious harm.

♦ It include Bacteria, Protozoans, Algae & Fungi.

➧ Types 0f Microorganism are:-
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[1] Bacteria:-

❱ A single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments.

[2] Fungi:-

❱ A single-celled or multicellular organism & can be true pathogens.

[3] Viruses:-

❱ A small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.

[4] Protozoa:-

❱ Any of a large group of one-celled organisms that live in water or as parasites. 

[5] Algae:-

❱ A type of plant-like living things that can make food from sunlight by photosynthesis.

➧ Advantage 0f Microorganism are:-
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❱ They fix gases & breaking down dead plant & animal matter into simpler substances.

❱ They help in production of food materials such as bread, cheese & curd.

❱ They help us digest food & regulate the production of vitamins & nutrients.

❱ They fight against those harmful bacteria which can cause diseases.

❱ They help in preparation of vaccines.

❱ They help in Fermentation.

➧ Disadvantage 0f Microorganism are:-
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❱ They cause diseases & infection.

❱ They lowers the immune system of the body which makes path to various bacteria into the body.

❱ Some bacterial infections like Pneumonia can sometimes cause death.

❱ Bacterial infections can breakdown skin & organs.

❱ They can cause severe gastrointestinal infections as a consequence of the ingestion of contaminated food.

➧ To Prevent the Microorganism are:-
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❱ Get the appropriate vaccine.

❱ Wash your hands frequently.

❱ Stay home if you are sick (so you do not spread the illness to other people).

❱ Use a tissue or cough & sneeze into your arm, not your hand.

❱ Use single-use tissues.

➧ The conditions / Factors which Microorganism grows:-
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[1] Time:-

❱ A single bacterium can multiply to over two million in just seven hours.

[2] Warmth:-

❱ The danger zone temperatures at which bacteria grow best are between 5ºC and 63ºC.

[3] Food:-

❱ Any other living things, germs need food to grow.

[4] Water:-

❱ Bacteria need moisture to grow.

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