State the main cause of atmospheric refraction of light.
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The main cause of atmospheric refraction of light is due to the different layers present in atmosphere. When a light enters in atmosphere it changes its path and bend towards the normal every moment due to various layers present in the atmosphere.
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The atmosphere of Earth is not evenly distributed, it is optically and molecularly denser at the bottom and and becomes rarer as we up, so the velocity of light changes from layer to layer. The molecules of different gases and dust partcles have different optical densities , moreover the hot air is optically rarer than cold air. These factors form differnt layers of air with different optical densities and thus cause the atmospheric refration.
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