Summary of chapter RUSSIAN REVOLUTION.
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"The Age of Social Change"
The Russian Revolution
In the nineteenth century, there were some political changes which mark the beginning of change. In this French revolution came into picture which dramatically changed the social structure. People start debating over French Revolution Structure in parts of Asia as well.
Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives
There were three types of groups formed:
Liberals: They believed in a system which accepted all religions and not concentrates on a single religion. They were against dynasty rulers as well. They asked for one vote per property but did not include women in the same.
Radicals: They wanted a nation where the government should be elected by a majority of the population and some of them wanted women to participate in the same.
Conservatives: They were not ready for changes and wanted to discard the idea of changes. At one point they agreed to the upcoming changes but they wanted that at the same time the past should be respected.
Industrial Society and Social Change
There was a requirement of social and economic change and to make that happen Liberals and Radicals started a movement and became revolutionaries. They wanted to implement changes which included rights of individuals as the high class of society treated individuals as there property and they paid them less and made them work more. They also concentrated on the problem of Housing and Sanitation and planned to educate the individuals.
The Coming of Socialism to Europe
The Russian Revolution
Yet another vision was Socialism, in which they demanded that individuals who benefitted the property should be also helped by the profit maximization. Robert Owen (1771-1858), emphasized on bringing cooperative society into the picture.
Support for Socialism
In the 1870s socialist formed International body-Second International which set up funds for members in distress and demanded more wage and short working hours. In 1905 trade union was formed.
The Russian Revolution
At the beginning of the 20th Century, 85 % of the Russian population was involved in agriculture. Moscow and St Petersburg had Industrialization. There were craftsmen and industry. Government governed the big scale industry to keep a look on working hours and wages.
Socialism in Russia
Socialist society was formed on 1898 and was illegal as per government rules and they wanted that peasants should handle the lands instead of noble and that was not done as peasants were not uninformed some were poor and some rich.
A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution
Russia was an autocratic nation. During this, the price of the goods increased and wages were decreased. Activistic party protested. Many industries were made illegal and operated illegally. Tsar leads to changes in the voting system and did not want his decision to get questioned.
The First World War and the Russian Empire
The Russian Revolution
In 1914, a 1st world war broke. War brought 7 million casualties, destroyed the crops and industry got affected on a large scale and even the railway lines were broken.
In March 1917, the Tsar was forced to abdicate and a provisional government of moderate social revolutionaries was formed. On November 7, 1917, the Bolsheviks under Lenin brought the downfall of the Menshevik government and established the Soviet Republic .