Question

The Amazon is the world's largest tropical rainforest. It covers an area of nearly 2.8 million square miles, which is nearly the size of the continent of Australia. The Amazon rainforest gets its life from the majestic Amazon River, the world's second largest river, which runs directly through the heart of the region. The rainforest itself is simply the drainage brain for the river and its many tributaries. The vast forest itself consists of four layers, each featuring its own ecosystems and specially adapted plants and animals. The forest floor is the lowest region. Since only two percent of the sunlight filters through the top layers to the understory, very few plants grow here. The forest floor, however, is rich with rotting vegetation and the bodies of dead organisms, which are quickly broken down into nutrients and decomposers such as millipedes and earth worms use nutrients for food.

The understory is the layer above the forest floor. Much like the forest floor, only about 2-5 percent of the sunlight reaches this shadowy realm. Many of the plants in the understory have large, broad leaves to collect as much sunlight as possible. The understory is so thick that there is very little air movement. As a result, plants rely on insects and animals to pollinate their flowers.

The layer above the understory is the canopy. This is where much of the action in the rainforest occurs. Many canopy leaves have specially adapted leaves which form drip tips'. Drip tips allow water to flow off the leaves which prevents mosses, fungi and lichens from occupying the leaves. Leaves in the canopy are very dense and filter about 80% of the sunlight. The canopy is where the wealth of the rainforest fruits and He wers grow. Bromeliads, cut-like plants provide drinking pools for animals and breeding locations for tree frogs.​

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