the magnitude of ..... charge on nucleus is different for different......
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The nucleus of an atom can contain two things: protons and neutrons.
Protons and neutrons are both made up of smaller things: valence quarks, gluons, and sea quarks.
The valence quarks give the proton or neutron their net electric charge, while the qluons bind the quarks to one another.
The sea quarks don’t contribute to the overall electric charge.
The valence quarks come in fractional electric charge, unlike electrons (or the electron’s antimatter sibling, the positron).
Although there is a family of valence quarks, there are only two kinds that we are concerned about right now: the up and down quarks.
The up quark has a charge of +2/3 and the down quark has a charge of -1/3.
Inside a proton, there are two up quarks and one down quark. The total electric charge of the proton is equal to the addition of these three: +2/3 + (+2/3) + (-1/3) = +3/3 = +1.
Inside a neutron, there are two down quarks and one up quark. The total electric charge of the neutron: (-1/3) + (-1/3) +2/3 = 0. That is to mean that the neutron does not have an overall electric charge, even though it is composed of things that do carry an electric charge
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