the peat bed was buriend under blank over the period of time
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Explanation:
The proposed sampling design for peatlands provided below is based on the WRB definition of Histosols (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2007). As long as the thickness of a peat layer is less than 40 cm, the sampling design for mineral forest soils is applied, which implies separate sampling of the organic layers and mineral soil according to the fixed-depth layers. In the event that the peat layer is 40 cm or thicker, the peat is sampled according to same fixed depths used for mineral soils. However, in order to distinguish them from the mineral soil layer, the peat layers should be coded differently. The required soil variables are the same as for the forest floor layers. If the conditions allow (lower water table), the mineral soil below the peat soil (> 40 cm) can be further sampled down to a depth of 80 cm (where the 0 cm reference line remains at the top of the peat layer). The standard sampling depths should be followed as much as possible. It is important that the depth in centimeters is always reported along with the depth codes, for cross-checking.
Core and seismic data from the Venice lagoon area, located in the foreland region between the northern Apennines and the southern Alps (northern Italy), allow a detailed investigation of the Late Pleistocene fully continental succession accumulated during the last glacial phase. These deposits consist of an aggrading alluvial plain, some tens of meters thick, which is locally incised by river channels, while both patchy and continuous peat layers complete the succession. In particular, a very continuous peat layer up to 1m thick (P1), sandwiched within alluvial plain sediments, is well recognizable in the whole lagoon area in both cores and seismic lines. 14C datings of P1 reveal an age ranging between 22 and 24cal ka B.P., confirming its lateral continuity. All these elements suggest that P1 developed after an episode of marked moisture and large scale cut-off of terrigenous sediment, leading to the establishment of generalized paludal conditions probably during the Laugerie interstadial. As at these latitudes interstadial phases were commonly typified by enhanced arboreal vegetation cover preventing significant terrigenous supply, swamp areas characterized by peat accumulation developed. The present evidence is helpful to recognize stadial–interstadial cycles during the last glacial phase, and may integrate the current knowledge to establish a correlation between cycles recorded in fully continental deposits and those recognizable in ice cores and marine successions.