Question

The provisions of the Missouri Compromise stated in part that

Answer 1

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ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴏᴍɪsᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ ʟᴇɢɪsʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ ᴍᴀɪɴᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴀs ᴀ ғʀᴇᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ, sɪᴍᴜʟᴛᴀɴᴇᴏᴜsʟʏ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴀs ᴀ sʟᴀᴠᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ—ᴛʜᴜs ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀʟᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴀɴᴅ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs sᴇɴᴀᴛᴇ. ᴀs ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴏᴍɪsᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɢɪsʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏʜɪʙɪᴛᴇᴅ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ 36°30′ ᴘᴀʀᴀʟʟᴇʟ, ᴇxᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ. ᴛʜᴇ 16ᴛʜ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴄᴏɴɢʀᴇss ᴘᴀssᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɢɪsʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏɴ ᴍᴀʀᴄʜ 3, 1820, ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴊᴀᴍᴇs ᴍᴏɴʀᴏᴇ sɪɢɴᴇᴅ ɪᴛ ᴏɴ ᴍᴀʀᴄʜ 6, 1820.[1]

ᴇᴀʀʟɪᴇʀ, ᴏɴ ғᴇʙʀᴜᴀʀʏ 1819, ʀᴇᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴊᴀᴍᴇs ᴛᴀʟʟᴍᴀᴅɢᴇ ᴊʀ., ᴀ ᴊᴇғғᴇʀsᴏɴɪᴀɴ ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴ ғʀᴏᴍ ɴᴇᴡ ʏᴏʀᴋ, sᴜʙᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴀᴍᴇɴᴅᴍᴇɴᴛs ᴛᴏ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ's ʀᴇϙᴜᴇsᴛ ғᴏʀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇʜᴏᴏᴅ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇᴅ ʀᴇsᴛʀɪᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏɴ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ. sᴏᴜᴛʜᴇʀɴᴇʀs ᴏʙᴊᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴʏ ʙɪʟʟ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪᴍᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴛʀɪᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏɴ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ, ʙᴇʟɪᴇᴠɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴀᴛ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴡᴀs ᴀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ɪssᴜᴇ sᴇᴛᴛʟᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ. ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴇᴠᴇɴʟʏ sᴘʟɪᴛ ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴘᴇɴɪɴɢ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇʙᴀᴛᴇs, ʙᴏᴛʜ sᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴘᴏssᴇssɪɴɢ 11 sᴛᴀᴛᴇs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴅᴍɪssɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴀs ᴀ sʟᴀᴠᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ɢɪᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ᴀɴ ᴀᴅᴠᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴇ. ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴ ᴄʀɪᴛɪᴄs ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟɪsᴛs ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴇᴍᴏᴄʀᴀᴛɪᴄ-ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴs ᴏʙᴊᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxᴘᴀɴsɪᴏɴ ᴏғ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏᴜɪsɪᴀɴᴀ ᴘᴜʀᴄʜᴀsᴇ ᴛᴇʀʀɪᴛᴏʀʏ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ɪɴᴇϙᴜᴀʟɪᴛɪᴇs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ-ғɪғᴛʜs ʀᴜʟᴇ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄᴏɴғᴇʀʀᴇᴅ sᴏᴜᴛʜᴇʀɴ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴅᴇʀɪᴠᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs' sʟᴀᴠᴇ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ᴊᴇғғᴇʀsᴏɴɪᴀɴ ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴀʀᴅᴇɴᴛʟʏ ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀ sᴛʀɪᴄᴛ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʀᴇᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ʀᴇϙᴜɪʀᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴏɴɢʀᴇss ᴀᴄᴛ ᴛᴏ ʟɪᴍɪᴛ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘʀᴇᴀᴅ ᴏғ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴏɴ ᴇɢᴀʟɪᴛᴀʀɪᴀɴ ɢʀᴏᴜɴᴅs. "[ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴ] ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴs ʀᴏᴏᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴀɴᴛɪsʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴀʀɢᴜᴍᴇɴᴛs, ɴᴏᴛ ᴏɴ ᴇxᴘᴇᴅɪᴇɴᴄʏ, ʙᴜᴛ ɪɴ ᴇɢᴀʟɪᴛᴀʀɪᴀɴ ᴍᴏʀᴀʟɪᴛʏ";[2] ᴀɴᴅ "ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ [sᴀɪᴅ ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴ ᴊᴇғғᴇʀsᴏɴɪᴀɴs], sᴛʀɪᴄᴛʟʏ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʀᴇᴛᴇᴅ, ɢᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏɴs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏᴜɴᴅɪɴɢ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɢᴀʟ ᴛᴏᴏʟs ᴛᴏ ʜᴀsᴛᴇɴ [ᴛʜᴇ] ʀᴇᴍᴏᴠᴀʟ [ᴏғ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ], ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇғᴜsᴀʟ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴅᴍɪᴛ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ sʟᴀᴠᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs.".[3]

ᴡʜᴇɴ ғʀᴇᴇ-sᴏɪʟ ᴍᴀɪɴᴇ ᴏғғᴇʀᴇᴅ ɪᴛs ᴘᴇᴛɪᴛɪᴏɴ ғᴏʀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇʜᴏᴏᴅ, ᴛʜᴇ sᴇɴᴀᴛᴇ ϙᴜɪᴄᴋʟʏ ʟɪɴᴋᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɪɴᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ʙɪʟʟs, ᴍᴀᴋɪɴɢ ᴍᴀɪɴᴇ ᴀᴅᴍɪssɪᴏɴ ᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴ ғᴏʀ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴇɴᴛᴇʀɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴏɴ ᴀs ᴀ sʟᴀᴠᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ. sᴇɴᴀᴛᴏʀ ᴊᴇssᴇ ʙ. ᴛʜᴏᴍᴀs ᴏғ ɪʟʟɪɴᴏɪs ᴀᴅᴅᴇᴅ ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴏᴍɪsᴇ ᴘʀᴏᴠɪsᴏ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴇxᴄʟᴜᴅᴇᴅ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴀʟʟ ʀᴇᴍᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ʟᴀɴᴅs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏᴜɪsɪᴀɴᴀ ᴘᴜʀᴄʜᴀsᴇ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ 36° 30' ᴘᴀʀᴀʟʟᴇʟ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍʙɪɴᴇᴅ ᴍᴇᴀsᴜʀᴇs ᴘᴀssᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇɴᴀᴛᴇ, ᴏɴʟʏ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ ᴠᴏᴛᴇᴅ ᴅᴏᴡɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴏᴜsᴇ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴏsᴇ ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴠᴇs ᴡʜᴏ ʜᴇʟᴅ ᴏᴜᴛ ғᴏʀ ᴀ ғʀᴇᴇ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ. sᴘᴇᴀᴋᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴏᴜsᴇ ʜᴇɴʀʏ ᴄʟᴀʏ ᴏғ ᴋᴇɴᴛᴜᴄᴋʏ, ɪɴ ᴀ ᴅᴇsᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴇ ʙɪᴅ ᴛᴏ ʙʀᴇᴀᴋ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇᴀᴅʟᴏᴄᴋ, ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇɴᴀᴛᴇ ʙɪʟʟs. ᴄʟᴀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ʜɪs ᴘʀᴏ-ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴏᴍɪsᴇ ᴀʟʟɪᴇs sᴜᴄᴄᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴘʀᴇssᴜʀɪɴɢ ʜᴀʟғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɴᴛɪ-ʀᴇsᴛʀɪᴄᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ ʜᴏᴜsᴇ sᴏᴜᴛʜᴇʀɴᴇʀs ᴛᴏ sᴜʙᴍɪᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀssᴀɢᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴏᴍᴀs ᴘʀᴏᴠɪsᴏ, ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴍᴀɴᴇᴜᴠᴇʀɪɴɢ ᴀ ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ʀᴇsᴛʀɪᴄᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ ʜᴏᴜsᴇ ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴᴇʀs ᴛᴏ ᴀᴄϙᴜɪᴇsᴄᴇ ɪɴ sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛɪɴɢ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴀs ᴀ sʟᴀᴠᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ.[4][5] ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ϙᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ 15ᴛʜ ᴄᴏɴɢʀᴇss ᴇɴᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴ sᴛᴀʟᴇᴍᴀᴛᴇ ᴏɴ ᴍᴀʀᴄʜ 4, 1819, ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴏᴜsᴇ sᴜsᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ɪᴛs ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴ ᴀɴᴛɪsʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴘᴏsɪᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇɴᴀᴛᴇ ʙʟᴏᴄᴋɪɴɢ ᴀ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ʀᴇsᴛʀɪᴄᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇʜᴏᴏᴅ.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴏᴍɪsᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏᴠᴇʀsɪᴀʟ ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛɪᴍᴇ, ᴀs ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴡᴏʀʀɪᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ ʜᴀᴅ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ʟᴀᴡғᴜʟʟʏ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ᴀʟᴏɴɢ sᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ʟɪɴᴇs. ᴛʜᴇ ᴋᴀɴsᴀs–ɴᴇʙʀᴀsᴋᴀ ᴀᴄᴛ ᴇғғᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ ʀᴇᴘᴇᴀʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʙɪʟʟ ɪɴ 1854, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴜᴘʀᴇᴍᴇ ᴄᴏᴜʀᴛ ᴅᴇᴄʟᴀʀᴇᴅ ɪᴛ ᴜɴᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ɪɴ ᴅʀᴇᴅ sᴄᴏᴛᴛ ᴠ. sᴀɴᴅғᴏʀᴅ (1857). ᴛʜɪs ɪɴᴄʀᴇᴀsᴇᴅ ᴛᴇɴsɪᴏɴs ᴏᴠᴇʀ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴠᴇɴᴛᴜᴀʟʟʏ ʟᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ ᴡᴀʀ.

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Answer 2

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ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴏᴍɪsᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ ʟᴇɢɪsʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ ᴍᴀɪɴᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴀs ᴀ ғʀᴇᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ, sɪᴍᴜʟᴛᴀɴᴇᴏᴜsʟʏ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴀs ᴀ sʟᴀᴠᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ—ᴛʜᴜs ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀʟᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴀɴᴅ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs sᴇɴᴀᴛᴇ. ᴀs ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʀᴏᴍɪsᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɢɪsʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴘʀᴏʜɪʙɪᴛᴇᴅ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ 36°30′ ᴘᴀʀᴀʟʟᴇʟ, ᴇxᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ. ᴛʜᴇ 16ᴛʜ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴄᴏɴɢʀᴇss ᴘᴀssᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɢɪsʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏɴ ᴍᴀʀᴄʜ 3, 1820, ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴛ ᴊᴀᴍᴇs ᴍᴏɴʀᴏᴇ sɪɢɴᴇᴅ ɪᴛ ᴏɴ ᴍᴀʀᴄʜ 6, 1820.[1]

ᴇᴀʀʟɪᴇʀ, ᴏɴ ғᴇʙʀᴜᴀʀʏ 1819, ʀᴇᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴊᴀᴍᴇs ᴛᴀʟʟᴍᴀᴅɢᴇ ᴊʀ., ᴀ ᴊᴇғғᴇʀsᴏɴɪᴀɴ ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴ ғʀᴏᴍ ɴᴇᴡ ʏᴏʀᴋ, sᴜʙᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴀᴍᴇɴᴅᴍᴇɴᴛs ᴛᴏ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ's ʀᴇϙᴜᴇsᴛ ғᴏʀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇʜᴏᴏᴅ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇᴅ ʀᴇsᴛʀɪᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏɴ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ. sᴏᴜᴛʜᴇʀɴᴇʀs ᴏʙᴊᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴʏ ʙɪʟʟ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪᴍᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴛʀɪᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏɴ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ, ʙᴇʟɪᴇᴠɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴀᴛ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴡᴀs ᴀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ɪssᴜᴇ sᴇᴛᴛʟᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ. ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇɴᴀᴛᴇ ᴇᴠᴇɴʟʏ sᴘʟɪᴛ ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴘᴇɴɪɴɢ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇʙᴀᴛᴇs, ʙᴏᴛʜ sᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ᴘᴏssᴇssɪɴɢ 11 sᴛᴀᴛᴇs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴅᴍɪssɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴍɪssᴏᴜʀɪ ᴀs ᴀ sʟᴀᴠᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ɢɪᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴜᴛʜ ᴀɴ ᴀᴅᴠᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴇ. ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴ ᴄʀɪᴛɪᴄs ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟɪsᴛs ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴇᴍᴏᴄʀᴀᴛɪᴄ-ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴs ᴏʙᴊᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxᴘᴀɴsɪᴏɴ ᴏғ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏᴜɪsɪᴀɴᴀ ᴘᴜʀᴄʜᴀsᴇ ᴛᴇʀʀɪᴛᴏʀʏ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ɪɴᴇϙᴜᴀʟɪᴛɪᴇs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ-ғɪғᴛʜs ʀᴜʟᴇ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄᴏɴғᴇʀʀᴇᴅ sᴏᴜᴛʜᴇʀɴ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴇᴅᴇʀᴀʟ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴅᴇʀɪᴠᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs' sʟᴀᴠᴇ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ᴊᴇғғᴇʀsᴏɴɪᴀɴ ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴀʀᴅᴇɴᴛʟʏ ᴍᴀɪɴᴛᴀɪɴᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀ sᴛʀɪᴄᴛ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʀᴇᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ʀᴇϙᴜɪʀᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴏɴɢʀᴇss ᴀᴄᴛ ᴛᴏ ʟɪᴍɪᴛ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘʀᴇᴀᴅ ᴏғ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴏɴ ᴇɢᴀʟɪᴛᴀʀɪᴀɴ ɢʀᴏᴜɴᴅs. "[ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴ] ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴs ʀᴏᴏᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴀɴᴛɪsʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴀʀɢᴜᴍᴇɴᴛs, ɴᴏᴛ ᴏɴ ᴇxᴘᴇᴅɪᴇɴᴄʏ, ʙᴜᴛ ɪɴ ᴇɢᴀʟɪᴛᴀʀɪᴀɴ ᴍᴏʀᴀʟɪᴛʏ";[2] ᴀɴᴅ "ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛɪᴏɴ [sᴀɪᴅ ɴᴏʀᴛʜᴇʀɴ ᴊᴇғғᴇʀsᴏɴɪᴀɴs], sᴛʀɪᴄᴛʟʏ ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴘʀᴇᴛᴇᴅ, ɢᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏɴs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏᴜɴᴅɪɴɢ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇɢᴀʟ ᴛᴏᴏʟs ᴛᴏ ʜᴀsᴛᴇɴ [ᴛʜᴇ] ʀᴇᴍᴏᴠᴀʟ [ᴏғ sʟᴀᴠᴇʀʏ], ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇғᴜsᴀʟ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴅᴍɪᴛ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ sʟᴀᴠᴇ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs.".[3]