The Russian Civil War short note of class 9th
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The Russian Civil War was to tear Russia apart for three years – between 1918 and 1921. The civil war occurred because after November 1917, many groups had formed that opposed Lenin's Bolsheviks. These groups included monarchists, militarists, and, for a short time, foreign nations.
The Russia Civil War was a multi-party civil war that took place in the former Russian Empire immediately after the two Russian Revolutions of 1917.
The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism led by Vladimir Lenin, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favoring political monarchism, economic capitalism and alternative forms of socialism.
Rival militant socialists and non-ideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the White Army.
Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the former Allied military forces from the World War and the pro-German armies.
The Red Army eventually came out victorious in 1919, defeating the White Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Alexander Kolchak to the east in Siberia.
The remains of the White Army were commanded by Pyotr Wrangel, they were defeated in Crimea and evacuated in 1920.
Lesser battles continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923.
In a sense, the war ended in 1923 due to the Bolsheviks assured control of the new Soviet Union. Armed resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934.
The casualties of this war combined with famines, were outstanding. Between 7 to 12 million deaths, mostly civilians. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the break-up of the Russian Empire and fought in the war.
Several parts of the former Russian Empire were established as sovereign states: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. They suffered their own civil wars and wars of independence.
The rest of the former Russian Empire was consolidated into the Soviet Union.