To find the resistance of a given wire using meter bridge and hence determine the specific resistance of its material
Answers
Answer:
Aim
To find resistance of a given wire using metre bridge and hence determine the resistivity (specific resistance) of its material.
Apparatus
A metre bridge (slide wire bridge), a Leclanche cell (Battery eliminator), a galvanometer, a resistance box, a jockey, a one way key, a resistance wire, a screw gauge, a metre scale, a set square, connecting wires and a piece of sand paper.
Theory
(i) The unknown resistance X is given by
to-find-resistance-of-a-given-wire-using-metre-bridge-and-hence-determine-the-resistivity-specific-resistance-of-its-material-1
where, R is known resistance placed in the left gap and unknown resistance X in the right gap of metre bridge. I cm is the length of metre bridge wire from zero end upto balance point.
(ii) Specific resistance (p) of the material of the given wire is given by
to-find-resistance-of-a-given-wire-using-metre-bridge-and-hence-determine-the-resistivity-specific-resistance-of-its-material-2
where, L is the length and D is the diameter of the given wire.
Circuit diagram
to-find-resistance-of-a-given-wire-using-metre-bridge-and-hence-determine-the-resistivity-specific-resistance-of-its-material-3
Procedure
For Resistance
Arrange the apparatus as shown in arrangement diagram.
Connect the resistance wire whose resistance is to be determined in the right gap between C and B. Take care that no part of the wire forms a loop:
Connect resistance box of low range in the left hand gap between A and B.
Make all the other connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
Take out some resistance (say 2 ohm) from the resistance box, plug the key K.
Touch the jockey gently first at left end and then at right end of the bridge wire.
Note the deflections in the galvanometer. If the galvanometer shows deflections in opposite directions, the connections are correct. If the deflection is one side only, then there is some fault in the circuit. Check or take help of your teacher and rectify the fault.
Move (slide) the jockey gently along the wire from left to right till galvanometer gives zero deflection. The point where the jockey is touching the wire is null point D.
Choose an appropriate value of 12 from the resistance box such that there is no deflection in the galvanometer when the jockey is nearly in the middle of the wire (i.e.,between 45 cm to 55 cm).
Note position of point D (with the help of a set square) to know length AD = l.
Take at least four sets of observations in the same way by changing the value of 12 in steps.
Record your observations.
to-find-resistance-of-a-given-wire-using-metre-bridge-and-hence-determine-the-resistivity-specific-resistance-of-its-material-4
For Specific Resistance
Cut the resistance wire at the points where it leaves the terminals, stretch it and find its length by using a metre scale.
Measure the diameter of the wire at least at four places, in two mutually perpendicular directions at each place with the help of screw gauge.
Record your observations as given in tables.
Observations
1.Length of given wire L = cm.
1. Length of given wire L = cm.
2. Table for unknown resistance (X)
to-find-resistance-of-a-given-wire-using-metre-bridge-and-hence-determine-the-resistivity-specific-resistance-of-its-material-7
3. Least count of the screw gauge
to-find-resistance-of-a-given-wire-using-metre-bridge-and-hence-determine-the-resistivity-specific-resistance-of-its-material-5
4. Table for diameter (D) of the wire
to-determine-youngs-modulus-of-elasticity-of-the-material-of-a-given-wire-4
Calculations
to-find-resistance-of-a-given-wire-using-metre-bridge-and-hence-determine-the-resistivity-specific-resistance-of-its-material-6
Result
The value of unknown resistance X =………
The specific resistance of the material of the given wire =………
Percentage error =……….
Precautions
The connections should be neat, clean and tight.
All the plugs in the resistance box should be tight.
Move the jockey gently over the bridge wire and do not rub it.
The plug in key K should be inserted only when the observations are to be taken.
Null point should be brought between 45 cm and 55 cm.
Set square should be used to note null point to avoid error of parallax.
At one place, diameter of wire should be measured in two mutually perpendicular directions.
The wire should not make a loop.
Sources of error
The instrument screws may be loose.
The plugs may not be clean.
The wire may not have uniform thickness.
The screw gauge may have faults like back lash error and wrong pitch.
Explanation:
A meter bridge, also called a sliding wire bridge, is an instrument that works on the principle of the Wheatstone bridge. It is used to determine the unknown resistance of a conductor.
It is attached to a wooden block and consists of long wires of uniform cross-section. There are two gaps formed by thick strips of metal to form a Wheatstone bridge.
- Device placement should be shown in a schematic way as in the picture attached.
- The wire whose resistance is to be measured should be connected to the correct gap between C and B without forming a loop. A resistor box should be connected in the left gap between A and B.
- All other connections should be made as shown on the schematic. Plug the key K into the resistor box in place of the 2-ohm resistor. The jockey must first gently touch the left edge of the bridge, then the right edge.
- The galvanometer excursion should go in the opposite direction, and if it goes in one direction the circuit connection is incorrect. Note the deflection of the galvanometer.
- Let D be the zero point where the jockey touches the wire. The movement of the jokey should be smooth from left to right on the galvanometer.
- Get the value of 12 from the resistance field. This should be obtained so that there is no deflection when the jockey is approximately in the middle of the wire.
- Note the position of D to know the length of AD = l. We need to change the value from 12 and make 4 sets of observations. Record our observations in tabular form.
- Extend the resistance wire and find the length in metric scale. Use a thread gauge to measure the diameter of the wire at four different points while holding it perpendicular to each other.
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