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biological functions of copper: It helps in proper functioning of metalloenzymes The
ascorbic oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, cerulopasmin, lysine oxidase, etc. It is an integral part
of the oxygen transport pigment. Copper deficiency produced in animals is manifested by
mpaired growth of hair, anaemia with a reduction in cell number but normal haemoglobin
content and increased amount of free protoporphyrin in the erythrocytes, decreased
reproductive capacity and milk production. Deficiency of copper can interfere w
al oxidative deamination of the epsilon amino groups of lysine and results in reduced
formation of cross-linkages and desmosine in elastin. This change in the architecture of
elastin weakness the larger blood vessels which are normally rich in elastin and aneurysm
and rupture can occur. Deficiency of copper (also iron and magnesium) in plants decreases
the chlorophyll content since it is associated with the formation of chlorophyll. The toxic
effects of molybdenum and cadmium can be reduced by copper.
Biological functions of magnesium: Magnesium is essential to all living organisms. It
is involved in maintaining the osmotic pressure balance, electrolytic balance and in the
activity of enzyme, hexokinase which is responsible for phosphate transfer reaction and
glucose metabolism. Mg + ions also control more enzyme reactions. Mg+ ions are essential
for synthesis of chlorophyll in plants because Mg2+ ion is present in chlorophyll.
Magnesium is also involved in life processes like perbiotic condensations, protein
biosynthesis, DNA replication, etc. For the proper organisation of the cell membranes Mg2+
ions are also needed as they act as bridges between the neighbouring carboxylate groups
in lipoproteins as such bridgings stiffen the cell membranes.
Role of Mg2+ ion in ATP (adenosine triphosphate): About all the transphosphorylation
reactions involving ATP need the presence of Mg2+ ions.​

Answer 1

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