Question

Types of soil erosion and their impact on human survival

Answer 1

When rain, wind or frost detach soil particles from the surface, the particles are washed or blown off the paddock.Sheet erosionThis occurs when rain falls on bare or sparsely covered soil, loosening fine particles (silt, clay and humus) that are carried downhill in surface run-off. Sheet erosion lowers the fertility of the soil, because it removes the most productive layer, which has usually been enriched by fertiliser.Wind erosionThe wind can remove the valuable fine soil on the land surface. Seasonally strong winds hit many areas, such as sand dunes, the Central Volcanic Plateau, Wairarapa, Hawke’s Bay, Canterbury and Otago. If covering vegetation has been grazed or disturbed, wind erosion can be severe.

Answer 2

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Soil Erosion➫ The removal of top layer of the soil by the action of wind & rainfall is called soil erosion.

♦ This is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms.

❱ This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents like:-

♦ Water
♦ Ice
♦ Snow
♦ Air
♦ Plants
♦ Animals
♦ Humans

➧ Types of Erosion are:-
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[1] Splash Erosion:-

❱ The first stage in the Erosion process.
Splash Erosion results from the bombardment of the soil surface by rain drops.

[2] Sheet Erosion:-

❱ The uniform removal of soil in thin layers by the forces of raindrops & overland flow.

[3] Rill Erosion:-

❱ The removal of soil by concentrated water running through little streamlet.

[4] Gully Erosion:-

❱ The removal of soil along drainage lines by surface water runoff.

➧ Causes 0f Soil Erosion are:-
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❱ Water

❱ Winds

❱ Glacier

❱ 0ver Grazing

❱ Human Activities

➧ Factors that cause Soil Erosion are:-
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❱ Rainfall

❱ Topography

❱ 0vergrazing

❱ Deforestation

❱ Human Activities

❱ Presence of 0rganic Materials in Soil

➧ Measures to Prevent Soil Erosion are:-
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❱ Strip Farming

❱ Soil Rotation

❱ Soil Stabilisation

❱ Terrace Farming

❱ Vegetation Cover

❱ Controlled 0ver-Grazing

➧ Effects 0f Soil Erosion are:-
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❱ Landslides

❱ Flash Floods

❱ Desertification

❱ Loss of soil fertility

❱ Silting of Rivers & Lakes

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