Unification of Italy in 5 points
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Unification of Italy:
- Italy was divided into seven states in the middle of the 19th century.
- Of these seven states, only an Italian princely house ruled only Sardinia-Piedmont.
- North Italy was under the Austrian-Habsburg Empire.
- The Pope ruled the center while the Bourbon kings of France dominated the southern regions.
- During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini formulates a coherent programme for a unitary Italian republic.
- He had established a secret society called Young Italy.
- The revolutionary uprisings in both 1831 and 1848 had largely failed.
- The responsibility of uniting Italian states now fell on King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont.
- The ruling elites saw the possibilities of economic development and political dominance if Italy was unified.
- The Chief Minister of Italy, Count Cavour, led the movement to unify Italy's regions.
- As a result, in 1859, he concluded a diplomatic alliance with France, and Sardinia-Piedmont defeated the Austrian forces.
- Under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi, a large number of armed volunteers also joined the movement.
- In 1860, these troops marched into southern Italy and the kingdom of Two Sicilies.
- These areas were liberated and later conjoined with Sardinia.
- In 1861, Italy was unified, and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king.
- In 1870, Rome was vacated by France and became a part of Sardinia. Hence, Italy was finally unified in 1871.
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