Question

What are isotonic solution,hyertonic solution and hypotonic solutions?

Answer 1

 Isotonic solution refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. This state allows for the free movement of water across the membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side.
In a hypotonic solution the total molar concentration of all dissolved solute particles is less than that of another solution or less than that of a cell.
In a hypertonic solution the total molar concentration of all dissolved solute particles is greater than that of another solution, or greater than the concentration in a cell.

Answer 2

OSMOSIS

To understand these three solutions better we have to understand what is osmosis, since these three terms related with osmosis.

Osmosis is nothing but the movement of solvent (mainly water) from a region of higher concerntration to region of lower concerntration across a semi-permeable membrane. To check out these three solutions we have to put a cell in the water.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

This solution is created when the concerntration of water molecules inside and outside the cell is equal. As a result there will be no movement of water from anywhere. This solution is also called Ringer's solution.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

This is a solution in which the concerntration water molecules inside cell is less than that of outside the cell. So, the net movement of water will be from the outside of cell to inside the cell. As a result the cell will swell up. and even burst.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

This is a solution in which the concerntration water molecules inside cell is more than that of outside the cell. So, the net movement of water will be from the inside of cell to outside the cell. As a result the cell will shrink.