What are the advantages of tissue culture methods over conventional methods of plant breeding in cro
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
As traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement, another technology called tissue culture got developed. Regeneration of whole plants from explants, i.e., any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube, under sterile conditions in special nutrient media is called tissue culture. This capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called totipotency.
The sequence of steps used in the tissue culture is as follows:
Medium preparation
Sterilization of the medium
Explant preparation
Inoculation of explants
Incubation
Medium Preparation:
Nutrient medium must provide a carbon source such as sucrose and also inorganic salts, vitamins, amino acids and growth regulators like auxins, cytokinins etc. Buffers must be added to keep the medium at suitable pH. In preparation of the medium required amounts of carbon source, micro and macro nutrients are added to the distilled water in glass vessels ,petri dishes or test tubes.
Sterilization of the medium:
Nutrient medium encourages the growth of different bacteria and fungi The medium has to be sterilized. The liquid medium should be sterilized in the autoclave for 1210C for 15 min at 15 lb pressure.
Explant preparation:
Any living tissue from any part of the plant can be used as ex plant. It is traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement, another technology called tissue culture got developed. Regeneration of whole plants from explants, i.e., any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube, under sterile conditions in special nutrient media is called tissue culture. This capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called totipotency.
Inoculation of Explants:
The sterilized explants is introduced into the medium in aseptic conditions in inoculation chambers or Laminar airflows. This process is called as inoculation.
Incubation:
Exposing the explants in the medium for different time period in different conditions is called incubation. In the presence of light the incubation will be completed in 4-5 weeks. By manipulating the concentrations of auxins and cytokinins roots or shoots or entire plantlets can be produced.
Advantages:
By application of these methods:
It is possible to achieve propagation of a large number of plants in very short durations.
This method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called micropropagation .
Each of these plants will be genetically identical to the original plant from which they were grown, i.e., they are soma clones.
Many important food plants like tomato, banana, apple, etc., have been produced on commercial scale using this method.
Answer:
As traditional breeding techniques failed to keep pace with demand and to provide sufficiently fast and efficient systems for crop improvement, another technology called tissue culture got developed. Regeneration of whole plants from explants, i.e., any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube, under sterile conditions in special nutrient media is called tissue culture. This capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called totipotency.
The sequence of steps used in the tissue culture is as follows:
Medium preparation
Sterilization of the medium
Explanation: